diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/CodingGuidelines | 75 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/Makefile | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/2.46.0.txt | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/2.47.0.txt | 52 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/ReviewingGuidelines.txt | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/docinfo-html.in | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-clone.txt | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-commit.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-rebase.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/githooks.txt | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt | 158 |
11 files changed, 289 insertions, 74 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 1d92b2da03..2f35b6691f 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -204,6 +204,33 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): local variable="$value" local variable="$(command args)" + - The common construct + + VAR=VAL command args + + to temporarily set and export environment variable VAR only while + "command args" is running is handy, but this triggers an + unspecified behaviour according to POSIX when used for a command + that is not an external command (like shell functions). Indeed, + dash 0.5.10.2-6 on Ubuntu 20.04, /bin/sh on FreeBSD 13, and AT&T + ksh all make a temporary assignment without exporting the variable, + in such a case. As it does not work portably across shells, do not + use this syntax for shell functions. A common workaround is to do + an explicit export in a subshell, like so: + + (incorrect) + VAR=VAL func args + + (correct) + ( + VAR=VAL && + export VAR && + func args + ) + + but be careful that the effect "func" makes to the variables in the + current shell will be lost across the subshell boundary. + - Use octal escape sequences (e.g. "\302\242"), not hexadecimal (e.g. "\xc2\xa2") in printf format strings, since hexadecimal escape sequences are not portable. @@ -214,6 +241,16 @@ For C programs: - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to 8 spaces. + - Nested C preprocessor directives are indented after the hash by one + space per nesting level. + + #if FOO + # include <foo.h> + # if BAR + # include <bar.h> + # endif + #endif + - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line. - As a Git developer we assume you have a reasonably modern compiler @@ -234,7 +271,7 @@ For C programs: . since around 2007 with 2b6854c863a, we have been using initializer elements which are not computable at load time. E.g.: - const char *args[] = {"constant", variable, NULL}; + const char *args[] = { "constant", variable, NULL }; . since early 2012 with e1327023ea, we have been using an enum definition whose last element is followed by a comma. This, like @@ -531,6 +568,42 @@ For C programs: use your own debugger and arguments. Example: `GIT_DEBUGGER="ddd --gdb" ./bin-wrappers/git log` (See `wrap-for-bin.sh`.) + - The primary data structure that a subsystem 'S' deals with is called + `struct S`. Functions that operate on `struct S` are named + `S_<verb>()` and should generally receive a pointer to `struct S` as + first parameter. E.g. + + struct strbuf; + + void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *buf, ...); + + void strbuf_reset(struct strbuf *buf); + + is preferred over: + + struct strbuf; + + void add_string(struct strbuf *buf, ...); + + void reset_strbuf(struct strbuf *buf); + + - There are several common idiomatic names for functions performing + specific tasks on a structure `S`: + + - `S_init()` initializes a structure without allocating the + structure itself. + + - `S_release()` releases a structure's contents without freeing the + structure. + + - `S_clear()` is equivalent to `S_release()` followed by `S_init()` + such that the structure is directly usable after clearing it. When + `S_clear()` is provided, `S_init()` shall not allocate resources + that need to be released again. + + - `S_free()` releases a structure's contents and frees the + structure. + For Perl programs: - Most of the C guidelines above apply. diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index dc65759cb1..1bd23fbeef 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -204,12 +204,15 @@ ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook5 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode -atabsize=8 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;' +ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -adocinfo=shared ASCIIDOC_DEPS = asciidoctor-extensions.rb GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS DBLATEX_COMMON = XMLTO_EXTRA += --skip-validation XMLTO_EXTRA += -x manpage.xsl endif +ASCIIDOC_DEPS += docinfo.html + SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL) # Shell quote; SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH)) @@ -338,6 +341,9 @@ clean: $(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made $(RM) GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS +docinfo.html: docinfo-html.in + $(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && cat $< >$@ + $(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt $(ASCIIDOC_DEPS) $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) -d manpage -o $@ $< diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.46.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.46.0.txt index 80620b9317..b25475918a 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.46.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.46.0.txt @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ Git v2.46 Release Notes ======================= -Backward Compatibility Notes - - (None at this moment) - UI, Workflows & Features * The "--rfc" option of "git format-patch" learned to take an @@ -212,7 +208,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * When bundleURI interface fetches multiple bundles, Git failed to take full advantage of all bundles and ended up slurping duplicated - objects, which has been corrected.. + objects, which has been corrected. * The code to deal with modified paths that are out-of-cone in a sparsely checked out working tree has been optimized. @@ -446,6 +442,17 @@ Fixes since v2.45 with warning messages. (merge 4f5822076f jc/http-cookiefile later to maint). + * Repacking a repository with multi-pack index started making stupid + pack selections in Git 2.45, which has been corrected. + (merge 8fb6d11fad ds/midx-write-repack-fix later to maint). + + * Fix documentation mark-up regression in 2.45. + (merge 6474da0aa4 ja/doc-markup-updates-fix later to maint). + + * Work around asciidoctor's css that renders `monospace` material + in the SYNOPSIS section of manual pages as block elements. + (merge d44ce6ddd5 js/doc-markup-updates-fix later to maint). + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. (merge 493fdae046 ew/object-convert-leakfix later to maint). (merge 00f3661a0a ss/doc-eol-attr-fix later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.47.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.47.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc713b4696 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.47.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Git v2.47 Release Notes +======================= + +UI, Workflows & Features +------------------------ + + * Many Porcelain commands that internally use the merge machinery + were taught to consistently honor the diff.algorithm configuration. + + * A few descriptions in "git show-ref -h" have been clarified. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. +-------------------------------------------------------------- + + * A build tweak knob has been simplified by not setting the value + that is already the default; another unused one has been removed. + + * A CI job that use clang-format to check coding style issues in new + code has been added. + + * The reviewing guidelines document now explicitly encourages people + to give positive reviews and how. + + +Fixes since v2.46 +----------------- + + * "git add -p" by users with diff.suppressBlankEmpty set to true + failed to parse the patch that represents an unmodified empty line + with an empty line (not a line with a single space on it), which + has been corrected. + (merge 60cf761ed1 pw/add-patch-with-suppress-blank-empty later to maint). + + * "git checkout --ours" (no other arguments) complained that the + option is incompatible with branch switching, which is technically + correct, but found confusing by some users. It now says that the + user needs to give pathspec to specify what paths to checkout. + (merge d1e6c61272 jc/checkout-no-op-switch-errors later to maint). + + * It has been documented that we avoid "VAR=VAL shell_func" and why. + (merge 728a1962cd jc/doc-one-shot-export-with-shell-func later to maint). + + * "git rebase --help" referred to "offset" (the difference between + the location a change was taken from and the change gets replaced) + incorrectly and called it "fuzz", which has been corrected. + (merge 70058db385 jc/doc-rebase-fuzz-vs-offset-fix later to maint). + + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. + (merge 8db8786fc2 jt/doc-post-receive-hook-update later to maint). + (merge 1c473dd6af tn/doc-commit-fix later to maint). + (merge bb0498b1bb jc/how-to-maintain-updates later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/ReviewingGuidelines.txt b/Documentation/ReviewingGuidelines.txt index 515d470d23..6534643cff 100644 --- a/Documentation/ReviewingGuidelines.txt +++ b/Documentation/ReviewingGuidelines.txt @@ -72,12 +72,29 @@ guidance, and concrete tips for interacting with patches on the mailing list. could fix it. This not only helps the author to understand and fix the issue, it also deepens and improves your understanding of the topic. -- Reviews do not need to exclusively point out problems. Feel free to "think out +- Reviews do not need to exclusively point out problems. Positive + reviews indicate that it is not only the original author of the + patches who care about the issue the patches address, and are + highly encouraged. + +- Do not hesitate to give positive reviews on a series from your + work colleague. If your positive review is written well, it will + not make you look as if you two are representing corporate + interest on a series that is otherwise uninteresting to other + community members and shoving it down their throat. + +- Write a positive review in such a way that others can understand + why you support the goal, the approach, and the implementation the + patches took. Make sure to demonstrate that you did thoroughly read + the series and understood problem area well enough to be able to + say that the patches are written well. Feel free to "think out loud" in your review: describe how you read & understood a complex section of a patch, ask a question about something that confused you, point out something - you found exceptionally well-written, etc. In particular, uplifting feedback - goes a long way towards encouraging contributors to participate more actively - in the Git community. + you found exceptionally well-written, etc. + +- In particular, uplifting feedback goes a long way towards + encouraging contributors to participate more actively in the Git + community. ==== Performing your review - Provide your review comments per-patch in a plaintext "Reply-All" email to the diff --git a/Documentation/docinfo-html.in b/Documentation/docinfo-html.in new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb3560eb92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/docinfo-html.in @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +<style> +pre>code { + display: inline; +} +</style> diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 5de18de2ab..8e925db7e9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ SYNOPSIS [`-l`] [`-s`] [`--no-hardlinks`] [`-q`] [`-n`] [`--bare`] [`--mirror`] [`-o` _<name>_] [`-b` _<name>_] [`-u` _<upload-pack>_] [`--reference` _<repository>_] [`--dissociate`] [`--separate-git-dir` _<git-dir>_] - [`--depth` _<depth>_] [`--`[`no-`]`single-branch`] [`--no-tags`] - [++--recurse-submodules++[++=++__<pathspec>__]] [`--`[`no-`]`shallow-submodules`] - [`--`[`no-`]`remote-submodules`] [`--jobs` _<n>_] [`--sparse`] [`--`[`no-`]`reject-shallow`] + [`--depth` _<depth>_] [`--`[`no-`]{empty}`single-branch`] [`--no-tags`] + [++--recurse-submodules++[++=++__<pathspec>__]] [++--++[++no-++]{empty}++shallow-submodules++] + [`--`[`no-`]{empty}`remote-submodules`] [`--jobs` _<n>_] [`--sparse`] [`--`[`no-`]{empty}`reject-shallow`] [++--filter=++__<filter-spec>__] [`--also-filter-submodules`]] [`--`] _<repository>_ [_<directory>_] diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index 89ecfc63a8..c822113c11 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git commit' [-a | --interactive | --patch] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] - [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --squash) <commit> | --fixup [(amend|reword):]<commit>)] + [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --squash) <commit> | --fixup [(amend|reword):]<commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty] [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>] [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status] diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 74df345f9e..b18cdbc023 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ The 'apply' backend works by creating a sequence of patches (by calling `format-patch` internally), and then applying the patches in sequence (calling `am` internally). Patches are composed of multiple hunks, each with line numbers, a context region, and the actual changes. The -line numbers have to be taken with some fuzz, since the other side +line numbers have to be taken with some offset, since the other side will likely have inserted or deleted lines earlier in the file. The context region is meant to help find how to adjust the line numbers in order to apply the changes to the right lines. However, if multiple diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index 06e997131b..0397dec64d 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -415,13 +415,13 @@ post-receive This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to `git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. -It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have -been updated. +The hook executes on the remote repository once after all the proposed +ref updates are processed and if at least one ref is updated as the +result. -This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no -arguments, but gets the same information as the -<<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>> -hook does on its standard input. +The hook takes no arguments. It receives one line on standard input for +each ref that is successfully updated following the same format as the +<<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>> hook. This hook does not affect the outcome of `git receive-pack`, as it is called after the real work is done. @@ -448,6 +448,9 @@ environment variables will not be set. If the client selects to use push options, but doesn't transmit any, the count variable will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`. +See the "post-receive" section in linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for +additional details. + [[post-update]] post-update ~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt index 013014bbef..41f54050f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt @@ -37,22 +37,20 @@ The Policy The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to -this mailing list after each feature release is made. +the mailing list after each feature release is made: - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.0 and are meant to contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including functionality, performance and usability, without regression. - - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for - eight to ten weeks. - - - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant + - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z (0 < Z) and are meant to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.0 feature release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.W (W < Z). - - 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature + - The 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature release. In other words, at some point, the tip of 'master' - branch is tagged with vX.Y.0. + branch is tagged as vX.(Y+1).0, when vX.Y.0 is the latest + feature release. - 'maint' branch is used to prepare for the next maintenance release. After the feature release vX.Y.0 is made, the tip @@ -63,11 +61,13 @@ this mailing list after each feature release is made. - 'next' branch is used to publish changes (both enhancements and fixes) that (1) have worthwhile goal, (2) are in a fairly good shape suitable for everyday use, (3) but have not yet - demonstrated to be regression free. New changes are tested - in 'next' before merged to 'master'. + demonstrated to be regression free. Reviews from contributors on + the mailing list help to make the determination. After a topic + is merged to 'next', it is tested for at least 7 calendar days + before getting merged to 'master'. - 'seen' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do - not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'. + not yet pass the criteria set for 'next' (see above). - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to allow people to build their own customization on top of them. @@ -86,6 +86,38 @@ this mailing list after each feature release is made. users are encouraged to test it so that regressions and bugs are found before new topics are merged to 'master'. + - When a problem is found in a topic in 'next', the topic is marked + not to be merged to 'master'. Follow-up patches are discussed on + the mailing list and applied to the topic after being reviewed and + then the topic is merged (again) to 'next'. After going through + the usual testing in 'next', the entire (fixed) topic is merged + to 'master'. + + - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for + eight to ten weeks. A few "release candidate" releases are + expected to be tagged about a week apart before the final + release, and a "preview" release is tagged about a week before + the first release candidate gets tagged. + + - After the preview release is tagged, topics that were well + reviewed may be merged to 'master' before spending the usual 7 + calendar days in 'next', with the expectation that any bugs in + them can be caught and fixed in the release candidates before + the final release. + + - After the first release candidate is tagged, the contributors are + strongly encouraged to focus on finding and fixing new regressions + introduced during the cycle, over addressing old bugs and any new + features. Topics stop getting merged down from 'next' to 'master', + and new topics stop getting merged to 'next'. Unless they are fixes + to new regressions in the cycle, that is. + + - Soon after a feature release is made, the tip of 'maint' gets + fast-forwarded to point at the release. Topics that have been + kept in 'next' are merged down to 'master' and a new development + cycle starts. + + Note that before v1.9.0 release, the version numbers used to be structured slightly differently. vX.Y.Z were feature releases while vX.Y.Z.W were maintenance releases for vX.Y.Z. @@ -179,12 +211,12 @@ by doing the following: The initial round is done with: $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master" - $ git am -sc3 mailbox + $ git am -sc3 --whitespace=warn mailbox and replacing an existing topic with subsequent round is done with: $ git checkout master...ai/topic ;# try to reapply to the same base - $ git am -sc3 mailbox + $ git am -sc3 --whitespace=warn mailbox to prepare the new round on a detached HEAD, and then @@ -209,39 +241,59 @@ by doing the following: (trivial typofixes etc. are often squashed directly into the patches that need fixing, without being applied as a separate "SQUASH???" commit), so that they can be removed easily as needed. + The expectation is that the original author will make corrections + in a reroll. + - By now, new topic branches are created and existing topic + branches are updated. The integration branches 'next', 'jch', + and 'seen' need to be updated to contain them. - - Merge maint to master as needed: + - If there are topics that have been merged to 'master' and should + be merged to 'maint', merge them to 'maint', and update the + release notes to the next maintenance release. - $ git checkout master - $ git merge maint - $ make test + - Review the latest issue of "What's cooking" again. Are topics + that have been sufficiently long in 'next' ready to be merged to + 'master'? Are topics we saw earlier and are in 'seen' now got + positive reviews and are ready to be merged to 'next'? - - Merge master to next as needed: + - If there are topics that have been cooking in 'next' long enough + and should be merged to 'master', merge them to 'master', and + update the release notes to the next feature release. - $ git checkout next - $ git merge master - $ make test + - If there were patches directly made on 'maint', merge 'maint' to + 'master'; make sure that the result is what you want. - - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics - that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape - (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the - series?) + $ git checkout master + $ git merge -m "Sync with 'maint'" --no-log maint + $ git log -p --first-parent ORIG_HEAD.. + $ make test - - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere - between 'master' and 'seen' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'. + - Prepare to update the 'jch' branch, which is used to represent + somewhere between 'master' and 'seen' and often is slightly ahead + of 'next', and the 'seen' branch, which is used to hold the rest. $ Meta/Reintegrate master..jch >Meta/redo-jch.sh The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to - rebuild 'seen' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script. Remove - later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet. Add a line that - consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic - in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet. + rebuild the current 'jch'. Do the same for 'seen'. + + - Review the Meta/redo-jch.sh and Meta/redo-seen.sh scripts. The + former should have a line '### match next'---the idea is that + merging the topics listed before the line on top of 'master' + should result in a tree identical to that of 'next'. - - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'. For each - branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can - happen: + - As newly created topics are usually merged near the tip of + 'seen', add them to the end of the Meta/redo-seen.sh script. + Among the topics that were in 'seen', there may be ones that + are not quite ready for 'next' but are getting there. Move + them from Meta/redo-seen.sh to the end of Meta/redo-jch.sh. + The expectation is that you'd use 'jch' as your daily driver + as the first guinea pig, so you should choose carefully. + + - Now we are ready to start rebuilding 'jch' and merging topics to + 'next'. For each branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one + of three things can happen: - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next; - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are @@ -252,10 +304,12 @@ by doing the following: If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script would list it as "ai/topic~1". To include the new patch to the updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not - touch the line. If a topic that was not in 'next' should be - merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list. Then: + touch the line. + + If a topic that was not in 'next' should be merged to 'next', add + it before the '### match next' line. Then: - $ git checkout -B jch master + $ git checkout --detach master $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch. "-c1" tells the script @@ -267,26 +321,29 @@ by doing the following: reference to the variable under its old name), in which case prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of - 'master'. + 'master', this time without using "-c1" to merge all topics. - Then do the same to 'next' + Then do the same to 'next'. $ git checkout next $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to - be edited. The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set - of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge. - Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found - and rectified. + be edited. The resulting tree should match 'jch^{/^### match next'}' + as the same set of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there + is a mismerge. Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge + is found and rectified. + + If 'master' was updated before you started redoing 'next', then - $ git diff jch next + $ git diff 'jch^{/^### match next}' next - Then build the rest of 'jch': + would show differences that went into 'master' (which 'jch' has, + but 'next' does not yet---often it is updates to the release + notes). Merge 'master' back to 'next' if that is the case. - $ git checkout jch - $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh + $ git merge -m "Sync with 'master'" --no-log master When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with @@ -296,12 +353,7 @@ by doing the following: merged to 'master'. This may lose '### match next' marker; add it again to the appropriate place when it happens. - - Rebuild 'seen'. - - $ Meta/Reintegrate jch..seen >Meta/redo-seen.sh - - Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'seen' - in the script. Then + - Rebuild 'seen' on top of 'jch'. $ git checkout -B seen jch $ sh Meta/redo-seen.sh @@ -312,7 +364,7 @@ by doing the following: Double check by running - $ git branch --no-merged seen + $ git branch --no-merged seen '??/*' to see there is no unexpected leftover topics. |