user/sven/linux.git/include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h, branch v4.14.328

writeback: synchronize sync(2) against cgroup writeback membership switches

2019-03-05T16:58:01Z

[ Upstream commit 7fc5854f8c6efae9e7624970ab49a1eac2faefb1 ] sync_inodes_sb() can race against cgwb (cgroup writeback) membership switches and fail to writeback some inodes. For example, if an inode switches to another wb while sync_inodes_sb() is in progress, the new wb might not be visible to bdi_split_work_to_wbs() at all or the inode might jump from a wb which hasn't issued writebacks yet to one which already has. This patch adds backing_dev_info->wb_switch_rwsem to synchronize cgwb switch path against sync_inodes_sb() so that sync_inodes_sb() is guaranteed to see all the target wbs and inodes can't jump wbs to escape syncing. v2: Fixed misplaced rwsem init. Spotted by Jiufei. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo Reported-by: Jiufei Xue Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/dc694ae2-f07f-61e1-7097-7c8411cee12d@gmail.com Acked-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

writeback: don't decrement wb->refcnt if !wb->bdi

2019-01-26T08:37:01Z

[ Upstream commit 347a28b586802d09604a149c1a1f6de5dccbe6fa ] This happened while running in qemu-system-aarch64, the AMBA PL011 UART driver when enabling CONFIG_DEBUG_TEST_DRIVER_REMOVE. arch_initcall(pl011_init) came before subsys_initcall(default_bdi_init), devtmpfs' handle_remove() crashes because the reference count is a NULL pointer only because wb->bdi hasn't been initialized yet. Rework so that wb_put have an extra check if wb->bdi before decrement wb->refcnt and also add a WARN_ON_ONCE to get a warning if it happens again in other drivers. Fixes: 52ebea749aae ("writeback: make backing_dev_info host cgroup-specific bdi_writebacks") Co-developed-by: Arnd Bergmann Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann Signed-off-by: Anders Roxell Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin

bdi: Fix another oops in wb_workfn()

2018-07-22T12:28:49Z

commit 3ee7e8697d5860b173132606d80a9cd35e7113ee upstream. syzbot is reporting NULL pointer dereference at wb_workfn() [1] due to wb->bdi->dev being NULL. And Dmitry confirmed that wb->state was WB_shutting_down after wb->bdi->dev became NULL. This indicates that unregister_bdi() failed to call wb_shutdown() on one of wb objects. The problem is in cgwb_bdi_unregister() which does cgwb_kill() and thus drops bdi's reference to wb structures before going through the list of wbs again and calling wb_shutdown() on each of them. This way the loop iterating through all wbs can easily miss a wb if that wb has already passed through cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list() called from wb_shutdown() from cgwb_release_workfn() and as a result fully shutdown bdi although wb_workfn() for this wb structure is still running. In fact there are also other ways cgwb_bdi_unregister() can race with cgwb_release_workfn() leading e.g. to use-after-free issues: CPU1 CPU2 cgwb_bdi_unregister() cgwb_kill(*slot); cgwb_release() queue_work(cgwb_release_wq, &wb->release_work); cgwb_release_workfn() wb = list_first_entry(&bdi->wb_list, ...) spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock); wb_shutdown(wb); ... kfree_rcu(wb, rcu); wb_shutdown(wb); -> oops use-after-free We solve these issues by synchronizing writeback structure shutdown from cgwb_bdi_unregister() with cgwb_release_workfn() using a new mutex. That way we also no longer need synchronization using WB_shutting_down as the mutex provides it for CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK case and without CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK wb_shutdown() can be called only once from bdi_unregister(). Reported-by: syzbot Acked-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

writeback: safer lock nesting

2018-04-24T07:36:39Z

commit 2e898e4c0a3897ccd434adac5abb8330194f527b upstream. lock_page_memcg()/unlock_page_memcg() use spin_lock_irqsave/restore() if the page's memcg is undergoing move accounting, which occurs when a process leaves its memcg for a new one that has memory.move_charge_at_immigrate set. unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin,end() use spin_lock_irq/spin_unlock_irq() if the given inode is switching writeback domains. Switches occur when enough writes are issued from a new domain. This existing pattern is thus suspicious: lock_page_memcg(page); unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked); ... unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked); unlock_page_memcg(page); If both inode switch and process memcg migration are both in-flight then unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() will unconditionally enable interrupts while still holding the lock_page_memcg() irq spinlock. This suggests the possibility of deadlock if an interrupt occurs before unlock_page_memcg(). truncate __cancel_dirty_page lock_page_memcg unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin unlocked_inode_to_wb_end end_page_writeback test_clear_page_writeback lock_page_memcg unlock_page_memcg Due to configuration limitations this deadlock is not currently possible because we don't mix cgroup writeback (a cgroupv2 feature) and memory.move_charge_at_immigrate (a cgroupv1 feature). If the kernel is hacked to always claim inode switching and memcg moving_account, then this script triggers lockup in less than a minute: cd /mnt/cgroup/memory mkdir a b echo 1 > a/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate echo 1 > b/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate ( echo $BASHPID > a/cgroup.procs while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big bs=1M count=256 done ) & while true; do sync done & sleep 1h & SLEEP=$! while true; do echo $SLEEP > a/cgroup.procs echo $SLEEP > b/cgroup.procs done The deadlock does not seem possible, so it's debatable if there's any reason to modify the kernel. I suggest we should to prevent future surprises. And Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our environment", so there's more reason to apply this, even to stable. Stable 4.4 has minor conflicts applying this patch. For a clean 4.4 patch see "[PATCH for-4.4] writeback: safer lock nesting" https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/4/11/146 Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our environment" [gthelen@google.com: v4] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180411084653.254724-1-gthelen@google.com [akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment tweaks, struct initialization simplification] Change-Id: Ibb773e8045852978f6207074491d262f1b3fb613 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180410005908.167976-1-gthelen@google.com Fixes: 682aa8e1a6a1 ("writeback: implement unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction and use it for stat updates") Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen Reported-by: Wang Long Acked-by: Wang Long Acked-by: Michal Hocko Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Nicholas Piggin Cc: [v4.2+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds [natechancellor: Adjust context due to lack of b93b016313b3b] Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55Z

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

fs: Provide infrastructure for dynamic BDIs in filesystems

2017-04-20T18:09:55Z

Provide helper functions for setting up dynamically allocated backing_dev_info structures for filesystems and cleaning them up on superblock destruction. CC: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org CC: linux-nfs@vger.kernel.org CC: Petr Vandrovec CC: linux-nilfs@vger.kernel.org CC: cluster-devel@redhat.com CC: osd-dev@open-osd.org CC: codalist@coda.cs.cmu.edu CC: linux-afs@lists.infradead.org CC: ecryptfs@vger.kernel.org CC: linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org CC: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org CC: linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org CC: v9fs-developer@lists.sourceforge.net CC: lustre-devel@lists.lustre.org Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

bdi: Do not wait for cgwbs release in bdi_unregister()

2017-03-23T02:11:30Z

Currently we wait for all cgwbs to get released in cgwb_bdi_destroy() (called from bdi_unregister()). That is however unnecessary now when cgwb->bdi is a proper refcounted reference (thus bdi cannot get released before all cgwbs are released) and when cgwb_bdi_destroy() shuts down writeback directly. Acked-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

bdi: Shutdown writeback on all cgwbs in cgwb_bdi_destroy()

2017-03-23T02:11:28Z

Currently we waited for all cgwbs to get freed in cgwb_bdi_destroy() which also means that writeback has been shutdown on them. Since this wait is going away, directly shutdown writeback on cgwbs from cgwb_bdi_destroy() to avoid live writeback structures after bdi_unregister() has finished. To make that safe with concurrent shutdown from cgwb_release_workfn(), we also have to make sure wb_shutdown() returns only after the bdi_writeback structure is really shutdown. Acked-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

bdi: Mark congested->bdi as internal

2017-03-23T02:11:24Z

congested->bdi pointer is used only to be able to remove congested structure from bdi->cgwb_congested_tree on structure release. Moreover the pointer can become NULL when we unregister the bdi. Rename the field to __bdi and add a comment to make it more explicit this is internal stuff of memcg writeback code and people should not use the field as such use will be likely race prone. We do not bother with converting congested->bdi to a proper refcounted reference. It will be slightly ugly to special-case bdi->wb.congested to avoid effectively a cyclic reference of bdi to itself and the reference gets cleared from bdi_unregister() making it impossible to reference a freed bdi. Acked-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

block: Dynamically allocate and refcount backing_dev_info

2017-02-02T15:20:50Z

Instead of storing backing_dev_info inside struct request_queue, allocate it dynamically, reference count it, and free it when the last reference is dropped. Currently only request_queue holds the reference but in the following patch we add other users referencing backing_dev_info. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe