License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55Z

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux

2012-10-13T09:46:48Z

Signed-off-by: David Howells Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney Acked-by: Dave Jones

serial: move delta_msr_wait into the tty_port

2009-09-19T20:13:31Z

This is used by various drivers not just serial and can be extracted as commonality Signed-off-by: Alan Cox

cyclades: introduce cyy_readb/writeb

2009-09-19T20:13:16Z

Add helpers for io operations, so that we can eliminate huge amount of supporting code. It is now centralized in those helpers and used values are precomputed in the init phase. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

cyclades: avoid addresses recomputation

2009-09-19T20:13:13Z

Don't fetch firmware address and recompute channel control on each port access. Precompute the values on init and use them later all the time. The same for board control. This simplify code and improves readability. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

tty: cyclades, remove typedefs

2009-06-11T15:50:57Z

They are unused anyway. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

tty: cyclades, cache HW version

2009-06-11T15:50:57Z

Store HW version locally to not read it all the time in interrupts and alike. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

tty: cyclades, plx9060 casts cleanup

2009-06-11T15:50:57Z

Remove ugly all-over-the-code casts of ctl_addr to 9060 space. Add an union to the cyclades_card structure, which contains a pointer to both 9050 and 9060 spaces. The 9050 space layout is unknown, so let it still as a void __iomem pointer. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

make exported headers use strict posix types

2009-03-26T17:14:14Z

A number of standard posix types are used in exported headers, which is not allowed if __STRICT_KERNEL_NAMES is defined. In order to get rid of the non-__STRICT_KERNEL_NAMES part and to make sane headers the default, we have to change them all to safe types. There are also still some leftovers in reiserfs_fs.h, elfcore.h and coda.h, but these files have not compiled in user space for a long time. This leaves out the various integer types ({u_,u,}int{8,16,32,64}_t), which we take care of separately. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann Acked-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab Cc: David Airlie Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo Cc: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-ppp@vger.kernel.org Cc: Jaroslav Kysela Cc: Takashi Iwai Cc: David Woodhouse Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

include of is preferred over

2009-01-16T00:39:41Z

Impact: fix 15 make headers_check warnings: include of is preferred over Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Sam Ravnborg Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

user/sven/linux.git/include/linux/cyclades.h, branch v4.14.115

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux

serial: move delta_msr_wait into the tty_port

cyclades: introduce cyy_readb/writeb

cyclades: avoid addresses recomputation

tty: cyclades, remove typedefs

tty: cyclades, cache HW version

tty: cyclades, plx9060 casts cleanup

make exported headers use strict posix types

include of is preferred over