License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55Z

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

block: remove IOPRIO_BITS

2016-09-14T15:18:09Z

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

cfq: don't use icq_get_changed()

2012-03-20T11:47:47Z

cfq caches the associated cfqq's for a given cic. The cache needs to be flushed if the cic's ioprio or blkcg has changed. It is currently done by requiring the changing action to set the respective ICQ_*_CHANGED bit in the icq and testing it from cfq_set_request(), which involves iterating through all the affected icqs. All cfq wants to know is whether ioprio and/or blkcg have changed since the last flush and can be easily achieved by just remembering the current ioprio and blkcg ID in cic. This patch adds cic->{ioprio|blkcg_id}, updates all ioprio users to use the remembered value instead, and updates cfq_set_request() path such that, instead of using icq_get_changed(), the current values are compared against the remembered ones and trigger appropriate flush action if not. Condition tests are moved inside both _changed functions which are now named check_ioprio_changed() and check_blkcg_changed(). ioprio.h::task_ioprio*() can't be used anymore and replaced with open-coded IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE case in cfq_async_queue_prio(). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo Cc: Vivek Goyal Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

ext4: Add mount option to set kjournald's I/O priority

2009-01-06T03:46:26Z

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" Cc: Jens Axboe

cfq-iosched: make io priorities inherit CPU scheduling class as well as nice

2008-05-07T07:51:23Z

We currently set all processes to the best-effort scheduling class, regardless of what CPU scheduling class they belong to. Improve that so that we correctly track idle and rt scheduling classes as well. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

ioprio: move io priority from task_struct to io_context

2008-01-28T09:50:29Z

This is where it belongs and then it doesn't take up space for a process that doesn't do IO. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

cfq: async queue allocation per priority

2007-07-20T08:06:38Z

If we have two processes with different ioprio_class, but the same ioprio_data, their async requests will fall into the same queue. I guess such behavior is not expected, because it's not right to put real-time requests and best-effort requests in the same queue. The attached patch fixes the problem by introducing additional *cfqq fields on cfqd, pointing to per-(class,priority) async queues. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

cfq-iosched: fix async queue behaviour

2007-07-10T11:43:25Z

With the cfq_queue hash removal, we inadvertently got rid of the async queue sharing. This was not intentional, in fact CFQ purposely shares the async queue per priority level to get good merging for async writes. So put some logic in cfq_get_queue() to track the shared queues. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

[PATCH] uninline ioprio_best()

2006-08-21T08:02:50Z

Saves 376 bytes (5 callers) for me. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

[PATCH] move ioprio syscalls into syscalls.h

2005-07-08T01:23:37Z

- Make ioprio syscalls return long, like set/getpriority syscalls. - Move function prototypes into syscalls.h so we can pick them up in the 32/64bit compat code. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard Acked-by: Jens Axboe Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

user/sven/linux.git/include/linux/ioprio.h, branch v4.14.92