user/sven/linux.git/include/linux/smp.h, branch v5.4.68

Merge branch 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2019-07-08T23:12:03Z

Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes in this cycle are: - rwsem scalability improvements, phase #2, by Waiman Long, which are rather impressive: "On a 2-socket 40-core 80-thread Skylake system with 40 reader and writer locking threads, the min/mean/max locking operations done in a 5-second testing window before the patchset were: 40 readers, Iterations Min/Mean/Max = 1,807/1,808/1,810 40 writers, Iterations Min/Mean/Max = 1,807/50,344/151,255 After the patchset, they became: 40 readers, Iterations Min/Mean/Max = 30,057/31,359/32,741 40 writers, Iterations Min/Mean/Max = 94,466/95,845/97,098" There's a lot of changes to the locking implementation that makes it similar to qrwlock, including owner handoff for more fair locking. Another microbenchmark shows how across the spectrum the improvements are: "With a locking microbenchmark running on 5.1 based kernel, the total locking rates (in kops/s) on a 2-socket Skylake system with equal numbers of readers and writers (mixed) before and after this patchset were: # of Threads Before Patch After Patch ------------ ------------ ----------- 2 2,618 4,193 4 1,202 3,726 8 802 3,622 16 729 3,359 32 319 2,826 64 102 2,744" The changes are extensive and the patch-set has been through several iterations addressing various locking workloads. There might be more regressions, but unless they are pathological I believe we want to use this new implementation as the baseline going forward. - jump-label optimizations by Daniel Bristot de Oliveira: the primary motivation was to remove IPI disturbance of isolated RT-workload CPUs, which resulted in the implementation of batched jump-label updates. Beyond the improvement of the real-time characteristics kernel, in one test this patchset improved static key update overhead from 57 msecs to just 1.4 msecs - which is a nice speedup as well. - atomic64_t cross-arch type cleanups by Mark Rutland: over the last ~10 years of atomic64_t existence the various types used by the APIs only had to be self-consistent within each architecture - which means they became wildly inconsistent across architectures. Mark puts and end to this by reworking all the atomic64 implementations to use 's64' as the base type for atomic64_t, and to ensure that this type is consistently used for parameters and return values in the API, avoiding further problems in this area. - A large set of small improvements to lockdep by Yuyang Du: type cleanups, output cleanups, function return type and othr cleanups all around the place. - A set of percpu ops cleanups and fixes by Peter Zijlstra. - Misc other changes - please see the Git log for more details" * 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (82 commits) locking/lockdep: increase size of counters for lockdep statistics locking/atomics: Use sed(1) instead of non-standard head(1) option locking/lockdep: Move mark_lock() inside CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS && CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING x86/jump_label: Make tp_vec_nr static x86/percpu: Optimize raw_cpu_xchg() x86/percpu, sched/fair: Avoid local_clock() x86/percpu, x86/irq: Relax {set,get}_irq_regs() x86/percpu: Relax smp_processor_id() x86/percpu: Differentiate this_cpu_{}() and __this_cpu_{}() locking/rwsem: Guard against making count negative locking/rwsem: Adaptive disabling of reader optimistic spinning locking/rwsem: Enable time-based spinning on reader-owned rwsem locking/rwsem: Make rwsem->owner an atomic_long_t locking/rwsem: Enable readers spinning on writer locking/rwsem: Clarify usage of owner's nonspinaable bit locking/rwsem: Wake up almost all readers in wait queue locking/rwsem: More optimal RT task handling of null owner locking/rwsem: Always release wait_lock before waking up tasks locking/rwsem: Implement lock handoff to prevent lock starvation locking/rwsem: Make rwsem_spin_on_owner() return owner state ...

smp: Remove smp_call_function() and on_each_cpu() return values

2019-06-23T12:26:26Z

The return value is fixed. Remove it and amend the callers. [ tglx: Fixup arm/bL_switcher and powerpc/rtas ] Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Richard Henderson Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky Cc: Matt Turner Cc: Tony Luck Cc: Fenghua Yu Cc: Andrew Morton Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190613064813.8102-2-namit@vmware.com

x86/percpu: Relax smp_processor_id()

2019-06-17T10:43:41Z

Nadav reported that since this_cpu_read() became asm-volatile, many smp_processor_id() users generated worse code due to the extra constraints. However since smp_processor_id() is reading a stable value, we can use __this_cpu_read(). While this does reduce text size somewhat, this mostly results in code movement to .text.unlikely as a result of more/larger .cold. subfunctions. Less text on the hotpath is good for I$. $ ./compare.sh defconfig-build1 defconfig-build2 vmlinux.o setup_APIC_ibs 90 98 -12,+20 force_ibs_eilvt_setup 400 413 -57,+70 pci_serr_error 109 104 -54,+49 pci_serr_error 109 104 -54,+49 unknown_nmi_error 125 120 -76,+71 unknown_nmi_error 125 120 -76,+71 io_check_error 125 132 -97,+104 intel_thermal_interrupt 730 822 +92,+0 intel_init_thermal 951 945 -6,+0 generic_get_mtrr 301 294 -7,+0 generic_get_mtrr 301 294 -7,+0 generic_set_all 749 754 -44,+49 get_fixed_ranges 352 360 -41,+49 x86_acpi_suspend_lowlevel 369 363 -6,+0 check_tsc_sync_source 412 412 -71,+71 irq_migrate_all_off_this_cpu 662 674 -14,+26 clocksource_watchdog 748 748 -113,+113 __perf_event_account_interrupt 204 197 -7,+0 attempt_merge 1748 1741 -7,+0 intel_guc_send_ct 1424 1409 -15,+0 __fini_doorbell 235 231 -4,+0 bdw_set_cdclk 928 923 -5,+0 gen11_dsi_disable 1571 1556 -15,+0 gmbus_wait 493 488 -5,+0 md_make_request 376 369 -7,+0 __split_and_process_bio 543 536 -7,+0 delay_tsc 96 89 -7,+0 hsw_disable_pc8 696 691 -5,+0 tsc_verify_tsc_adjust 215 228 -22,+35 cpuidle_driver_unref 56 49 -7,+0 blk_account_io_completion 159 148 -11,+0 mtrr_wrmsr 95 99 -29,+33 __intel_wait_for_register_fw 401 419 +18,+0 cpuidle_driver_ref 43 36 -7,+0 cpuidle_get_driver 15 8 -7,+0 blk_account_io_done 535 528 -7,+0 irq_migrate_all_off_this_cpu 662 674 -14,+26 check_tsc_sync_source 412 412 -71,+71 irq_wait_for_poll 170 163 -7,+0 generic_end_io_acct 329 322 -7,+0 x86_acpi_suspend_lowlevel 369 363 -6,+0 nohz_balance_enter_idle 198 191 -7,+0 generic_start_io_acct 254 247 -7,+0 blk_account_io_start 341 334 -7,+0 perf_event_task_tick 682 675 -7,+0 intel_init_thermal 951 945 -6,+0 amd_e400_c1e_apic_setup 47 51 -28,+32 setup_APIC_eilvt 350 328 -22,+0 hsw_enable_pc8 1611 1605 -6,+0 total 12985947 12985892 -994,+939 Reported-by: Nadav Amit Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

smp,cpumask: introduce on_each_cpu_cond_mask

2018-10-09T14:51:11Z

Introduce a variant of on_each_cpu_cond that iterates only over the CPUs in a cpumask, in order to avoid making callbacks for every single CPU in the system when we only need to test a subset. Cc: npiggin@gmail.com Cc: mingo@kernel.org Cc: will.deacon@arm.com Cc: songliubraving@fb.com Cc: kernel-team@fb.com Cc: hpa@zytor.com Cc: luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180926035844.1420-5-riel@surriel.com

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55Z

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

smp: Avoid using two cache lines for struct call_single_data

2017-08-29T13:14:38Z

struct call_single_data is used in IPIs to transfer information between CPUs. Its size is bigger than sizeof(unsigned long) and less than cache line size. Currently it is not allocated with any explicit alignment requirements. This makes it possible for allocated call_single_data to cross two cache lines, which results in double the number of the cache lines that need to be transferred among CPUs. This can be fixed by requiring call_single_data to be aligned with the size of call_single_data. Currently the size of call_single_data is the power of 2. If we add new fields to call_single_data, we may need to add padding to make sure the size of new definition is the power of 2 as well. Fortunately, this is enforced by GCC, which will report bad sizes. To set alignment requirements of call_single_data to the size of call_single_data, a struct definition and a typedef is used. To test the effect of the patch, I used the vm-scalability multiple thread swap test case (swap-w-seq-mt). The test will create multiple threads and each thread will eat memory until all RAM and part of swap is used, so that huge number of IPIs are triggered when unmapping memory. In the test, the throughput of memory writing improves ~5% compared with misaligned call_single_data, because of faster IPIs. Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra Signed-off-by: Huang, Ying [ Add call_single_data_t and align with size of call_single_data. ] Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Aaron Lu Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Eric Dumazet Cc: Juergen Gross Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Michael Ellerman Cc: Thomas Gleixner Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87bmnqd6lz.fsf@yhuang-mobile.sh.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

lockdep: Fix per-cpu static objects

2017-03-26T13:09:45Z

Since commit 383776fa7527 ("locking/lockdep: Handle statically initialized PER_CPU locks properly") we try to collapse per-cpu locks into a single class by giving them all the same key. For this key we choose the canonical address of the per-cpu object, which would be the offset into the per-cpu area. This has two problems: - there is a case where we run !0 lock->key through static_obj() and expect this to pass; it doesn't for canonical pointers. - 0 is a valid canonical address. Cure both issues by redefining the canonical address as the address of the per-cpu variable on the boot CPU. Since I didn't want to rely on CPU0 being the boot-cpu, or even existing at all, track the boot CPU in a variable. Fixes: 383776fa7527 ("locking/lockdep: Handle statically initialized PER_CPU locks properly") Reported-by: kernel test robot Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Tested-by: Borislav Petkov Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: wfg@linux.intel.com Cc: kernel test robot Cc: LKP Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170320114108.kbvcsuepem45j5cr@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner

smp: Add function to execute a function synchronously on a CPU

2016-09-05T11:52:39Z

On some hardware models (e.g. Dell Studio 1555 laptop) some hardware related functions (e.g. SMIs) are to be executed on physical CPU 0 only. Instead of open coding such a functionality multiple times in the kernel add a service function for this purpose. This will enable the possibility to take special measures in virtualized environments like Xen, too. Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: Douglas_Warzecha@dell.com Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: akataria@vmware.com Cc: boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com Cc: chrisw@sous-sol.org Cc: david.vrabel@citrix.com Cc: hpa@zytor.com Cc: jdelvare@suse.com Cc: jeremy@goop.org Cc: linux@roeck-us.net Cc: pali.rohar@gmail.com Cc: rusty@rustcorp.com.au Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472453327-19050-4-git-send-email-jgross@suse.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

smp/cfd: Convert core to hotplug state machine

2016-07-15T08:41:43Z

Install the callbacks via the state machine. They are installed at runtime so smpcfd_prepare_cpu() needs to be invoked by the boot-CPU. Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger [ Added the dropped CPU dying case back in. ] Signed-off-by: Richard Cochran Signed-off-by: Anna-Maria Gleixner Reviewed-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior Cc: Davidlohr Bueso Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Rasmus Villemoes Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: rt@linutronix.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160713153337.818376366@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

smp: don't use 16-bit words for atomic accesses

2015-04-20T16:08:49Z

Yes, it should work, but it's a bad idea. Not only did ARM64 not have the 16-bit access code (there's a separate patch to add it), it's just not a good atomic type. Some architectures fundamentally don't do atomic accesses in them (alpha), and it's not like it saves any space here anyway because of structure packing issues. We normally should aim for flags to be "unsigned int" or "unsigned long". And if space is at a premium, use a single byte (although that causes problems on alpha again). There might be very special cases where a 16-byte entity is really wanted, but this is not one of them. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds