user/sven/linux.git/include/linux/swap.h, branch v4.13.14

mm, swap: fix race between swap count continuation operations

2017-11-08T09:17:18Z

commit 2628bd6fc052bd85e9864dae4de494d8a6313391 upstream. One page may store a set of entries of the sis->swap_map (swap_info_struct->swap_map) in multiple swap clusters. If some of the entries has sis->swap_map[offset] > SWAP_MAP_MAX, multiple pages will be used to store the set of entries of the sis->swap_map. And the pages are linked with page->lru. This is called swap count continuation. To access the pages which store the set of entries of the sis->swap_map simultaneously, previously, sis->lock is used. But to improve the scalability of __swap_duplicate(), swap cluster lock may be used in swap_count_continued() now. This may race with add_swap_count_continuation() which operates on a nearby swap cluster, in which the sis->swap_map entries are stored in the same page. The race can cause wrong swap count in practice, thus cause unfreeable swap entries or software lockup, etc. To fix the race, a new spin lock called cont_lock is added to struct swap_info_struct to protect the swap count continuation page list. This is a lock at the swap device level, so the scalability isn't very well. But it is still much better than the original sis->lock, because it is only acquired/released when swap count continuation is used. Which is considered rare in practice. If it turns out that the scalability becomes an issue for some workloads, we can split the lock into some more fine grained locks. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171017081320.28133-1-ying.huang@intel.com Fixes: 235b62176712 ("mm/swap: add cluster lock") Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Tim Chen Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Aaron Lu Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Andi Kleen Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Hugh Dickins Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: swap: provide lru_add_drain_all_cpuslocked()

2017-07-10T23:32:33Z

The rework of the cpu hotplug locking unearthed potential deadlocks with the memory hotplug locking code. The solution for these is to rework the memory hotplug locking code as well and take the cpu hotplug lock before the memory hotplug lock in mem_hotplug_begin(), but this will cause a recursive locking of the cpu hotplug lock when the memory hotplug code calls lru_add_drain_all(). Split out the inner workings of lru_add_drain_all() into lru_add_drain_all_cpuslocked() so this function can be invoked from the memory hotplug code with the cpu hotplug lock held. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170704093421.419329357@linutronix.de Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner Reported-by: Andrey Ryabinin Acked-by: Michal Hocko Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Vladimir Davydov Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Davidlohr Bueso Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

swap: add block io poll in swapin path

2017-07-10T23:32:30Z

For fast flash disk, async IO could introduce overhead because of context switch. block-mq now supports IO poll, which improves performance and latency a lot. swapin is a good place to use this technique, because the task is waiting for the swapin page to continue execution. In my virtual machine, directly read 4k data from a NVMe with iopoll is about 60% better than that without poll. With iopoll support in swapin patch, my microbenchmark (a task does random memory write) is about 10%~25% faster. CPU utilization increases a lot though, 2x and even 3x CPU utilization. This will depend on disk speed. While iopoll in swapin isn't intended for all usage cases, it's a win for latency sensistive workloads with high speed swap disk. block layer has knob to control poll in runtime. If poll isn't enabled in block layer, there should be no noticeable change in swapin. I got a chance to run the same test in a NVMe with DRAM as the media. In simple fio IO test, blkpoll boosts 50% performance in single thread test and ~20% in 8 threads test. So this is the base line. In above swap test, blkpoll boosts ~27% performance in single thread test. blkpoll uses 2x CPU time though. If we enable hybid polling, the performance gain has very slight drop but CPU time is only 50% worse than that without blkpoll. Also we can adjust parameter of hybid poll, with it, the CPU time penality is reduced further. In 8 threads test, blkpoll doesn't help though. The performance is similar to that without blkpoll, but cpu utilization is similar too. There is lock contention in swap path. The cpu time spending on blkpoll isn't high. So overall, blkpoll swapin isn't worse than that without it. The swapin readahead might read several pages in in the same time and form a big IO request. Since the IO will take longer time, it doesn't make sense to do poll, so the patch only does iopoll for single page swapin. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/070c3c3e40b711e7b1390002c991e86a-b5408f0@7511894063d3764ff01ea8111f5a004d7dd700ed078797c204a24e620ddb965c Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li Cc: Tim Chen Cc: Huang Ying Cc: Jens Axboe Cc: Hugh Dickins Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, THP, swap: move anonymous THP split logic to vmscan

2017-07-06T23:24:31Z

The add_to_swap aims to allocate swap_space(ie, swap slot and swapcache) so if it fails due to lack of space in case of THP or something(hdd swap but tries THP swapout) *caller* rather than add_to_swap itself should split the THP page and retry it with base page which is more natural. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-4-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Acked-by: Johannes Weiner Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Ebru Akagunduz Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, THP, swap: unify swap slot free functions to put_swap_page

2017-07-06T23:24:31Z

Now, get_swap_page takes struct page and allocates swap space according to page size(ie, normal or THP) so it would be more cleaner to introduce put_swap_page which is a counter function of get_swap_page. Then, it calls right swap slot free function depending on page's size. [ying.huang@intel.com: minor cleanup and fix] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-3-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Acked-by: Johannes Weiner Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Ebru Akagunduz Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, THP, swap: delay splitting THP during swap out

2017-07-06T23:24:31Z

Patch series "THP swap: Delay splitting THP during swapping out", v11. This patchset is to optimize the performance of Transparent Huge Page (THP) swap. Recently, the performance of the storage devices improved so fast that we cannot saturate the disk bandwidth with single logical CPU when do page swap out even on a high-end server machine. Because the performance of the storage device improved faster than that of single logical CPU. And it seems that the trend will not change in the near future. On the other hand, the THP becomes more and more popular because of increased memory size. So it becomes necessary to optimize THP swap performance. The advantages of the THP swap support include: - Batch the swap operations for the THP to reduce lock acquiring/releasing, including allocating/freeing the swap space, adding/deleting to/from the swap cache, and writing/reading the swap space, etc. This will help improve the performance of the THP swap. - The THP swap space read/write will be 2M sequential IO. It is particularly helpful for the swap read, which are usually 4k random IO. This will improve the performance of the THP swap too. - It will help the memory fragmentation, especially when the THP is heavily used by the applications. The 2M continuous pages will be free up after THP swapping out. - It will improve the THP utilization on the system with the swap turned on. Because the speed for khugepaged to collapse the normal pages into the THP is quite slow. After the THP is split during the swapping out, it will take quite long time for the normal pages to collapse back into the THP after being swapped in. The high THP utilization helps the efficiency of the page based memory management too. There are some concerns regarding THP swap in, mainly because possible enlarged read/write IO size (for swap in/out) may put more overhead on the storage device. To deal with that, the THP swap in should be turned on only when necessary. For example, it can be selected via "always/never/madvise" logic, to be turned on globally, turned off globally, or turned on only for VMA with MADV_HUGEPAGE, etc. This patchset is the first step for the THP swap support. The plan is to delay splitting THP step by step, finally avoid splitting THP during the THP swapping out and swap out/in the THP as a whole. As the first step, in this patchset, the splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will reduce lock acquiring/releasing for the locks used for the swap cache management. With the patchset, the swap out throughput improves 15.5% (from about 3.73GB/s to about 4.31GB/s) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes. The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. To test the sequential swapping out, the test case creates 8 processes, which sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until the RAM and part of the swap device is used up. This patch (of 5): In this patch, splitting huge page is delayed from almost the first step of swapping out to after allocating the swap space for the THP (Transparent Huge Page) and adding the THP into the swap cache. This will batch the corresponding operation, thus improve THP swap out throughput. This is the first step for the THP swap optimization. The plan is to delay splitting the THP step by step and avoid splitting the THP finally. In this patch, one swap cluster is used to hold the contents of each THP swapped out. So, the size of the swap cluster is changed to that of the THP (Transparent Huge Page) on x86_64 architecture (512). For other architectures which want such THP swap optimization, ARCH_USES_THP_SWAP_CLUSTER needs to be selected in the Kconfig file for the architecture. In effect, this will enlarge swap cluster size by 2 times on x86_64. Which may make it harder to find a free cluster when the swap space becomes fragmented. So that, this may reduce the continuous swap space allocation and sequential write in theory. The performance test in 0day shows no regressions caused by this. In the future of THP swap optimization, some information of the swapped out THP (such as compound map count) will be recorded in the swap_cluster_info data structure. The mem cgroup swap accounting functions are enhanced to support charge or uncharge a swap cluster backing a THP as a whole. The swap cluster allocate/free functions are added to allocate/free a swap cluster for a THP. A fair simple algorithm is used for swap cluster allocation, that is, only the first swap device in priority list will be tried to allocate the swap cluster. The function will fail if the trying is not successful, and the caller will fallback to allocate a single swap slot instead. This works good enough for normal cases. If the difference of the number of the free swap clusters among multiple swap devices is significant, it is possible that some THPs are split earlier than necessary. For example, this could be caused by big size difference among multiple swap devices. The swap cache functions is enhanced to support add/delete THP to/from the swap cache as a set of (HPAGE_PMD_NR) sub-pages. This may be enhanced in the future with multi-order radix tree. But because we will split the THP soon during swapping out, that optimization doesn't make much sense for this first step. The THP splitting functions are enhanced to support to split THP in swap cache during swapping out. The page lock will be held during allocating the swap cluster, adding the THP into the swap cache and splitting the THP. So in the code path other than swapping out, if the THP need to be split, the PageSwapCache(THP) will be always false. The swap cluster is only available for SSD, so the THP swap optimization in this patchset has no effect for HDD. [ying.huang@intel.com: fix two issues in THP optimize patch] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/87k25ed8zo.fsf@yhuang-dev.intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: extensive cleanups and simplifications, reduce code size] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515112522.32457-2-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner Suggested-by: Andrew Morton [for config option] Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov [for changes in huge_memory.c and huge_mm.h] Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Ebru Akagunduz Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Rik van Riel Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, swap: remove unused function prototype

2017-05-03T22:52:11Z

This is a code cleanup patch, no functionality changes. There are 2 unused function prototype in swap.h, they are removed. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405071017.23677-1-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Tim Chen Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: move MADV_FREE pages into LRU_INACTIVE_FILE list

2017-05-03T22:52:08Z

madv()'s MADV_FREE indicate pages are 'lazyfree'. They are still anonymous pages, but they can be freed without pageout. To distinguish these from normal anonymous pages, we clear their SwapBacked flag. MADV_FREE pages could be freed without pageout, so they pretty much like used once file pages. For such pages, we'd like to reclaim them once there is memory pressure. Also it might be unfair reclaiming MADV_FREE pages always before used once file pages and we definitively want to reclaim the pages before other anonymous and file pages. To speed up MADV_FREE pages reclaim, we put the pages into LRU_INACTIVE_FILE list. The rationale is LRU_INACTIVE_FILE list is tiny nowadays and should be full of used once file pages. Reclaiming MADV_FREE pages will not have much interfere of anonymous and active file pages. And the inactive file pages and MADV_FREE pages will be reclaimed according to their age, so we don't reclaim too many MADV_FREE pages too. Putting the MADV_FREE pages into LRU_INACTIVE_FILE_LIST also means we can reclaim the pages without swap support. This idea is suggested by Johannes. This patch doesn't move MADV_FREE pages to LRU_INACTIVE_FILE list yet to avoid bisect failure, next patch will do it. The patch is based on Minchan's original patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2f87063c1e9354677b7618c647abde77b07561e5.1487965799.git.shli@fb.com Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner Acked-by: Johannes Weiner Acked-by: Minchan Kim Acked-by: Michal Hocko Acked-by: Hillf Danton Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Mel Gorman Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/swap: add cache for swap slots allocation

2017-02-23T00:41:30Z

We add per cpu caches for swap slots that can be allocated and freed quickly without the need to touch the swap info lock. Two separate caches are maintained for swap slots allocated and swap slots returned. This is to allow the swap slots to be returned to the global pool in a batch so they will have a chance to be coaelesced with other slots in a cluster. We do not reuse the slots that are returned right away, as it may increase fragmentation of the slots. The swap allocation cache is protected by a mutex as we may sleep when searching for empty slots in cache. The swap free cache is protected by a spin lock as we cannot sleep in the free path. We refill the swap slots cache when we run out of slots, and we disable the swap slots cache and drain the slots if the global number of slots fall below a low watermark threshold. We re-enable the cache agian when the slots available are above a high watermark. [ying.huang@intel.com: use raw_cpu_ptr over this_cpu_ptr for swap slots access] [tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com: add comments on locks in swap_slots.h] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170118180327.GA24225@linux.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/35de301a4eaa8daa2977de6e987f2c154385eb66.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Tim Chen Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko Cc: Aaron Lu Cc: Andi Kleen Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Christian Borntraeger Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Hillf Danton Cc: Huang Ying Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet escreveu: Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Vladimir Davydov Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/swap: free swap slots in batch

2017-02-23T00:41:30Z

Add new functions that free unused swap slots in batches without the need to reacquire swap info lock. This improves scalability and reduce lock contention. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c25e0fcdfd237ec4ca7db91631d3b9f6ed23824e.1484082593.git.tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Tim Chen Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Aaron Lu Cc: Andi Kleen Cc: Andrea Arcangeli Cc: Christian Borntraeger Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Hillf Danton Cc: Huang Ying Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Jonathan Corbet escreveu: Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Minchan Kim Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Shaohua Li Cc: Vladimir Davydov Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds