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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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As all new_valid_dev() checks have been removed it's time to drop
new_valid_dev() itself.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Make old/new_valid_dev return bool due to these two particular functions
only using either one or zero as their return value.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There's no user of huge_valid_dev() any more, so remove it.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
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Revert all this. It can cause device-mapper to receive a different major from
earlier kernels and it turns out that the Amanda backup program (via GNU tar,
apparently) checks major numbers on files when performing incremental backups.
Which is a bit broken of Amanda (or tar), but this feature isn't important
enough to justify the churn.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Several people have reported failures in dynamic major device number handling
due to the recent changes in there to avoid handing out the local/experimental
majors.
Rolf reports that this is due to a gcc-4.1.0 bug.
The patch refactors that code a lot in an attempt to provoke the compiler into
behaving.
Cc: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Starting the conversion:
* internal dev_t made 32bit.
* new helpers - new_encode_dev(), new_decode_dev(), huge_encode_dev(),
huge_decode_dev(), new_valid_dev(). They do encoding/decoding of 32bit and
64bit values; for now huge_... are aliases for new_... and new_valid_dev()
is always true. We do 12:20 for 32bit; representation is compatible with
16bit one - we have major in bits 19--8 and minor in 31--20,7--0. That's
what the userland sees; internally we have (major << 20)|minor, of course.
* MKDEV(), MAJOR() and MINOR() updated.
* several places used to handle Missed'em'V dev_t (14:18 split)
manually; that stuff had been taken into common helpers.
Now we can start replacing old_... with new_... and huge_..., depending
on the width available. MKDEV() callers should (for now) make sure that major
and minor are within 12:20. That's what the next chunk will do.
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kdev_t, to_kdev_t(), etc. are gone - there is no more objects
of that type and no remaining callers of these functions.
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tty redirect handling sanitized. Such ttys (/dev/tty and
/dev/console) get a different file_operations; its ->write() handles
redirects; checks for file->f_op == &tty_fops updated, checks for
major:minor being that of a redirector replaced with check for
->f_op->write value. Piece of code in tty_io.c that had been #if 0
since 0.99<something> had been finally put out of its misery. kdev_val()
is gone.
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removed unused kdev_t stuff, fixed a typo left from the
console->device() conversion.
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From: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Different architectures use different types for dev_t, so it is hard to
print dev_t variables out correctly. Quite a lot of code is wrong now, and
will continue to be wrong when 64-bit dev_t is merged.
Greg's patch introduces a little wrapper function which can be used to
safely form a dev_t for printing. I added the format_dev_t function as
well, which is needed for direct insertion in a printk statement.
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fbdev.node converted from kdev_t to int - all of its users
have register_framebuffer() which sets .node to mk_kdev(FB_MAJOR, index)
already called and all of them start with applying minor(). IOW, what
they actually want is framebuffer number.
* type of ->node changed to int
* register_framebuffer() sets it to index instead of mk_kdev(...)
* users converted from minor(foo.node) to foo.node
* useless assignments (typically to NODEV) removed - we never
look at that field before register_framebuffer() overwrites it and thus
any assignments prior to register_framebuffer() call are dead code.
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RIP. It's not used anymore, so we kill assignments to it and the
field itself. That was the last serious use of kdev_t in block drivers.
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Now that the devicemapper hit the tree there's no more reason
to keep the uncompiling LVM1 code around and it's various hacks
to other files around, this patch removes it.
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* ->i_dev followed the example of ->s_dev - it's dev_t now. All
remaining uses of ->i_dev either outright want dev_t (stat()) or couldn't
care less (printing major:minor in /proc/<pid>/maps, etc.)
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->s_dev is switched to dev_t. Everything that uses it uses it as
a number - i.e. all instances are either minor() or kdev_t_to_nr().
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- Davide Libenzi: nicer timeslices for scheduler
- Arnaldo: wd7000 scsi driver cleanups and bio update
- Greg KH: USB update (including initial 2.0 support)
- me: strict typechecking on "kdev_t"
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- sync up more with Alan
- Urban Widmark: smbfs and HIGHMEM fix
- Chris Mason: reiserfs tail unpacking fix ("null bytes in reiserfs files")
- Adan Richter: new cpia usb ID
- Hugh Dickins: misc small sysv ipc fixes
- Andries Brouwer: remove overly restrictive sector size check for
SCSI cd-roms
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