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Diffstat (limited to 'docs/differences/python_35.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/differences/python_35.rst | 330 |
1 files changed, 171 insertions, 159 deletions
diff --git a/docs/differences/python_35.rst b/docs/differences/python_35.rst index 94b10b583..0fdc6121a 100644 --- a/docs/differences/python_35.rst +++ b/docs/differences/python_35.rst @@ -5,55 +5,60 @@ Python 3.5 Below is a list of finalised/accepted PEPs for Python 3.5 grouped into their impact to MicroPython. - +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | **Extensions to the syntax:** | **Status** | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 448 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0448/>`_ | additional unpacking generalizations | Partial | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 465 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0465/>`_ | a new matrix multiplication operator | Completed | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 492 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0492/>`_ | coroutines with async and await syntax | Completed | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | **Extensions and changes to runtime:** | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 461 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0461/>`_ | % formatting for binary strings | Completed | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 475 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0475/>`_ | retrying system calls that fail with EINTR | Completed | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 479 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0479/>`_ | change StopIteration handling inside generators | Completed | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | **Standard library changes:** | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 471 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0471/>`_ | os.scandir() | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 485 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0485/>`_ | math.isclose(), a function for testing | Completed | - | | approximate equality | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | **Miscellaneous changes:** | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 441 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0441/>`_ | improved Python zip application support | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 486 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0486/>`_ | make the Python Launcher aware of virtual | Not relevant | - | | environments | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 484 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/>`_ | type hints (advisory only) | In Progress | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 488 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0488/>`_ | elimination of PYO files | Not relevant | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `PEP 489 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0489/>`_ | redesigning extension module loading | | - +--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------+ +.. table:: + :widths: 30 50 20 + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | **Extensions to the syntax** | **Status** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 448 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0448/>`_ | Additional unpacking generalizations | Partial | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 465 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0465/>`_ | A new matrix multiplication operator | Complete | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 492 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0492/>`_ | Coroutines with ``async`` and ``await`` syntax | Complete | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | **Extensions and changes to runtime** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 461 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0461/>`_ | % formatting for binary strings | Complete | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 475 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0475/>`_ | Retrying system calls that fail with ``EINTR`` | Complete | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 479 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0479/>`_ | Change ``StopIteration`` handling inside generators | Complete | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | **Standard library changes** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 471 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0471/>`_ | ``os.scandir()`` | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 485 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0485/>`_ | ``math.isclose()``, a function for testing | Complete | + | | approximate equality | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | **Miscellaneous changes** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 441 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0441/>`_ | Improved Python zip application support | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 486 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0486/>`_ | Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual | Not relevant | + | | environments | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 484 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/>`_ | Type hints (advisory only) | Complete [#fth]_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 488 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0488/>`_ | Elimination of PYO files | Not relevant | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ + | `PEP 489 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0489/>`_ | Redesigning extension module loading | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------+ Other Language Changes: - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Added the *namereplace* error handlers. The *backslashreplace* error handlers now work with decoding and | | - | translating. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Property docstrings are now writable. This is especially useful for collections.namedtuple() docstrings | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Circular imports involving relative imports are now supported. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ +.. table:: + :widths: 90 10 + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Added the *namereplace* error handlers. The *backslashreplace* error handlers now work with decoding and | | + | translating. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Property docstrings are now writable. This is especially useful for collections.namedtuple() docstrings | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Circular imports involving relative imports are now supported. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ New Modules: @@ -65,117 +70,124 @@ New Modules: Changes to built-in modules: - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `collections <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#collections>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *OrderedDict* class is now implemented in C, which makes it 4 to 100 times faster. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | *OrderedDict.items()* , *OrderedDict.keys()* , *OrderedDict.values()* views now support reversed() | | - | iteration. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The deque class now defines *index()*, *insert()*, and *copy()*, and supports the + and * operators. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Docstrings produced by namedtuple() can now be updated. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The UserString class now implements the *__getnewargs__()*, *__rmod__()*, *casefold()*, *format_map()*, | | - | *isprintable()*, and *maketrans()* methods to match the corresponding methods of str. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `heapq <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#heapq>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Element comparison in *merge()* can now be customized by passing a key function in a new optional key | | - | keyword argument, and a new optional *reverse* keyword argument can be used to reverse element comparison | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `io <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#io>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new *BufferedIOBase.readinto1()* method, that uses at most one call to the underlying raw stream's | | - | *RawIOBase.read()* or *RawIOBase.readinto()* methods | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `json <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#json>`_ | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | JSON decoder now raises JSONDecodeError instead of ValueError to provide better context information about | | - | the error. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `math <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#math>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Two new constants have been added to the math module: *inf* and *nan*. | Completed | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new function *isclose()* provides a way to test for approximate equality. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new *gcd()* function has been added. The *fractions.gcd()* function is now deprecated. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `os <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#os>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The new *scandir()* function returning an iterator of DirEntry objects has been added. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *urandom()* function now uses the *getrandom()* syscall on Linux 3.17 or newer, and *getentropy()* on | | - | OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, removing the need to use /dev/urandom and avoiding failures due to potential file | | - | descriptor exhaustion. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | New *get_blocking()* and *set_blocking()* functions allow getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking| | - | mode (O_NONBLOCK.) | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | There is a new *os.path.commonpath()* function returning the longest common sub-path of each passed | | - | pathname | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `re <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#re>`_ | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | References and conditional references to groups with fixed length are now allowed in lookbehind assertions| | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The number of capturing groups in regular expressions is no longer limited to 100. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *sub()* and *subn()* functions now replace unmatched groups with empty strings instead of raising an | | - | exception. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *re.error* exceptions have new attributes, msg, pattern, pos, lineno, and colno, that provide better | | - | context information about the error | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `socket <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#socket>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a system clock. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new *socket.sendfile()* method allows sending a file over a socket by using the high-performance | | - | *os.sendfile()* function on UNIX, resulting in uploads being from 2 to 3 times faster than when using | | - | plain *socket.send()* | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *socket.sendall()* method no longer resets the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | - | The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to send all data. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The backlog argument of the *socket.listen()* method is now optional. By default it is set to SOMAXCONN or| Completed | - | to 128, whichever is less. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `ssl <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#ssl>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Memory BIO Support | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | There is a new *SSLSocket.version()* method to query the actual protocol version in use. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The SSLSocket class now implements a *SSLSocket.sendfile()* method. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *SSLSocket.send()* method now raises either the *ssl.SSLWantReadError* or *ssl.SSLWantWriteError* | | - | exception on a non-blocking socket if the operation would block. Previously, it would return 0. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *cert_time_to_seconds()* function now interprets the input time as UTC and not as local time, per RFC | | - | 5280. Additionally, the return value is always an int. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | New *SSLObject.shared_ciphers()* and *SSLSocket.shared_ciphers()* methods return the list of ciphers sent | | - | by the client during the handshake. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *SSLSocket.do_handshake()*, *SSLSocket.read()*, *SSLSocket.shutdown()*, and *SSLSocket.write()* | | - | methods of the SSLSocket class no longer reset the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *match_hostname()* function now supports matching of IP addresses. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `sys <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#sys>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new *set_coroutine_wrapper()* function allows setting a global hook that will be called whenever a | | - | coroutine object is created by an async def function. A corresponding *get_coroutine_wrapper()* can be | | - | used to obtain a currently set wrapper. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | A new *is_finalizing()* function can be used to check if the Python interpreter is shutting down. | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | `time <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#time>`_ | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | The *monotonic()* function is now always available | | - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ +.. table:: + :widths: 90 10 + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `collections <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#collections>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *OrderedDict* class is now implemented in C, which makes it 4 to 100 times faster. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | *OrderedDict.items()* , *OrderedDict.keys()* , *OrderedDict.values()* views now support reversed() | | + | iteration. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The deque class now defines *index()*, *insert()*, and *copy()*, and supports the + and * operators. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Docstrings produced by namedtuple() can now be updated. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The UserString class now implements the *__getnewargs__()*, *__rmod__()*, *casefold()*, *format_map()*, | | + | *isprintable()*, and *maketrans()* methods to match the corresponding methods of str. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `heapq <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#heapq>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Element comparison in *merge()* can now be customized by passing a key function in a new optional key | | + | keyword argument, and a new optional *reverse* keyword argument can be used to reverse element comparison | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `io <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#io>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new *BufferedIOBase.readinto1()* method, that uses at most one call to the underlying raw stream's | | + | *RawIOBase.read()* or *RawIOBase.readinto()* methods | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `json <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#json>`_ | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | JSON decoder now raises JSONDecodeError instead of ValueError to provide better context information about | | + | the error. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `math <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#math>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Two new constants have been added to the math module: *inf* and *nan*. | Complete | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new function *isclose()* provides a way to test for approximate equality. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new *gcd()* function has been added. The *fractions.gcd()* function is now deprecated. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `os <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#os>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The new *scandir()* function returning an iterator of DirEntry objects has been added. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *urandom()* function now uses the *getrandom()* syscall on Linux 3.17 or newer, and *getentropy()* on | | + | OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, removing the need to use /dev/urandom and avoiding failures due to potential file | | + | descriptor exhaustion. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | New *get_blocking()* and *set_blocking()* functions allow getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking| | + | mode (O_NONBLOCK.) | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | There is a new *os.path.commonpath()* function returning the longest common sub-path of each passed | | + | pathname | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `re <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#re>`_ | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | References and conditional references to groups with fixed length are now allowed in lookbehind assertions| | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The number of capturing groups in regular expressions is no longer limited to 100. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *sub()* and *subn()* functions now replace unmatched groups with empty strings instead of raising an | | + | exception. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *re.error* exceptions have new attributes, msg, pattern, pos, lineno, and colno, that provide better | | + | context information about the error | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `socket <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#socket>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a system clock. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new *socket.sendfile()* method allows sending a file over a socket by using the high-performance | | + | *os.sendfile()* function on UNIX, resulting in uploads being from 2 to 3 times faster than when using | | + | plain *socket.send()* | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *socket.sendall()* method no longer resets the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | + | The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to send all data. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The backlog argument of the *socket.listen()* method is now optional. By default it is set to SOMAXCONN or| Complete | + | to 128, whichever is less. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `ssl <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#ssl>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Memory BIO Support | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | There is a new *SSLSocket.version()* method to query the actual protocol version in use. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The SSLSocket class now implements a *SSLSocket.sendfile()* method. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *SSLSocket.send()* method now raises either the *ssl.SSLWantReadError* or *ssl.SSLWantWriteError* | | + | exception on a non-blocking socket if the operation would block. Previously, it would return 0. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *cert_time_to_seconds()* function now interprets the input time as UTC and not as local time, per RFC | | + | 5280. Additionally, the return value is always an int. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | New *SSLObject.shared_ciphers()* and *SSLSocket.shared_ciphers()* methods return the list of ciphers sent | | + | by the client during the handshake. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *SSLSocket.do_handshake()*, *SSLSocket.read()*, *SSLSocket.shutdown()*, and *SSLSocket.write()* | | + | methods of the SSLSocket class no longer reset the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *match_hostname()* function now supports matching of IP addresses. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `sys <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#sys>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new *set_coroutine_wrapper()* function allows setting a global hook that will be called whenever a | | + | coroutine object is created by an async def function. A corresponding *get_coroutine_wrapper()* can be | | + | used to obtain a currently set wrapper. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new *is_finalizing()* function can be used to check if the Python interpreter is shutting down. | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `time <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.5.html#time>`_ | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The *monotonic()* function is now always available | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + +.. rubric:: Notes + +.. [#fth] The MicroPython parser correct ignores all type hints. However, the ``typing`` module is not built-in. |