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diff --git a/docs/differences/python_36.rst b/docs/differences/python_36.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ea874224 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/differences/python_36.rst @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +.. _python_36: + +Python 3.6 +========== + +Python 3.6 beta 1 was released on 12 Sep 2016, and a summary of the new features can be found here: + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **New Syntax Features:** | **Status** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 498 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0498/>`_ | Literal String Formatting | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 515 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0515/>`_ | Underscores in Numeric Literals | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 525 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0525/>`_ | Asynchronous Generators | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 526 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0526/>`_ | Syntax for Variable Annotations (provisional) | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 530 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0530/>`_ | Asynchronous Comprehensions | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **New Built-in Features:** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 468 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0468/>`_ | Preserving the order of *kwargs* in a function | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 487 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0487/>`_ | Simpler customization of class creation | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 520 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0520/>`_ | Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **Standard Library Changes:** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 495 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0495/>`_ | Local Time Disambiguation | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 506 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0506/>`_ | Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard Library | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 519 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0519/>`_ | Adding a file system path protocol | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **CPython internals:** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 509 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0509/>`_ | Add a private version to dict | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 523 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0523/>`_ | Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **Linux/Window Changes** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 524 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0524/>`_ | Make os.urandom() blocking on Linux | | + | | (during system startup) | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 528 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0528/>`_ | Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8 | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 529 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0529/>`_ | Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8 | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + +Other Language Changes: + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A *global* or *nonlocal* statement must now textually appear before the first use of the affected name in | | + | the same scope. Previously this was a SyntaxWarning. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | It is now possible to set a special method to None to indicate that the corresponding operation is not | | + | available. For example, if a class sets *__iter__()* to *None* , the class is not iterable. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Long sequences of repeated traceback lines are now abbreviated as *[Previous line repeated {count} more | | + | times]* | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Import now raises the new exception *ModuleNotFoundError* when it cannot find a module. Code that currently | | + | checks for ImportError (in try-except) will still work. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Class methods relying on zero-argument *super()* will now work correctly when called from metaclass methods | | + | during class creation. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + +Changes to built-in modules: + + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `array <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#array>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Exhausted iterators of *array.array* will now stay exhausted even if the iterated array is extended. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `binascii <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#binascii>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The b2a_base64() function now accepts an optional newline keyword argument to control whether the newline | | + | character is appended to the return value | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `cmath <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#cmath>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new cmath.tau (τ) constant has been added | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | New constants: *cmath.inf* and *cmath.nan* to match *math.inf* and *math.nan* , and also *cmath.infj* and | | + | *cmath.nanj* to match the format used by complex repr | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `collections <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#collections>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new Collection abstract base class has been added to represent sized iterable container classes | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new *Reversible* abstract base class represents iterable classes that also provide the *__reversed__()* | | + | method. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new *AsyncGenerator* abstract base class represents asynchronous generators. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The *namedtuple()* function now accepts an optional keyword argument module, which, when specified, is used | | + | for the *__module__* attribute of the returned named tuple class. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The verbose and rename arguments for *namedtuple()* are now keyword-only. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Recursive *collections.deque* instances can now be pickled. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `hashlib <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#hashlib>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | BLAKE2 hash functions were added to the module. *blake2b()* and *blake2s()* are always available and support | | + | the full feature set of BLAKE2. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The SHA-3 hash functions *sha3_224()*, *sha3_256()*, *sha3_384()*, *sha3_512()*, and *SHAKE* hash functions | | + | *shake_128()* and *shake_256()* were added. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The password-based key derivation function *scrypt()* is now available with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and newer. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `json <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#json>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | *json.load()* and *json.loads()* now support binary input. Encoded JSON should be represented using either | | + | UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `math <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#math>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new math.tau (τ) constant has been added | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `os <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#os>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | A new *close()* method allows explicitly closing a *scandir()* iterator. The *scandir()* iterator now | | + | supports the context manager protocol. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | On Linux, *os.urandom()* now blocks until the system urandom entropy pool is initialized to increase the | | + | security. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The Linux *getrandom()* syscall (get random bytes) is now exposed as the new *os.getrandom()* function. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `re <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#re>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Added support of modifier spans in regular expressions. Examples: *'(?i:p)ython'* matches 'python' and | | + | 'Python', but not 'PYTHON'; *'(?i)g(?-i:v)r'* matches *'GvR'* and *'gvr'*, but not *'GVR'* . | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Match object groups can be accessed by *__getitem__*, which is equivalent to *group()*. So *mo['name']* is | | + | now equivalent to *mo.group('name')*. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Match objects now support index-like objects as group indices. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `socket <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#socket>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The *ioctl()* function now supports the *SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH* control code. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The *getsockopt()* constants *SO_DOMAIN* , *SO_PROTOCOL*, *SO_PEERSEC* , and *SO_PASSSEC* are now supported. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The *setsockopt()* now supports the *setsockopt(level, optname, None, optlen: int)* form. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The socket module now supports the address family *AF_ALG* to interface with Linux Kernel crypto API. | | + | *ALG_*, *SOL_ALG* and *sendmsg_afalg()* were added. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | New Linux constants *TCP_USER_TIMEOUT* and *TCP_CONGESTION* were added. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `ssl <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#ssl>`_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | ssl supports OpenSSL 1.1.0. The minimum recommend version is 1.0.2. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | 3DES has been removed from the default cipher suites and ChaCha20 Poly1305 cipher suites have been added. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | *SSLContext* has better default configuration for options and ciphers. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | SSL session can be copied from one client-side connection to another with the new *SSLSession* class. TLS | | + | session resumption can speed up the initial handshake, reduce latency and improve performance. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new *get_ciphers()* method can be used to get a list of enabled ciphers in order of cipher priority. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | All constants and flags have been converted to *IntEnum* and *IntFlags*. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Server and client-side specific TLS protocols for *SSLContext* were added. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | Added *SSLContext.post_handshake_auth* to enable and *ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake()* to | | + | initiate TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `struct <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#struct>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | now supports IEEE 754 half-precision floats via the 'e' format specifier. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `sys <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#sys>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The new *getfilesystemencodeerrors()* function returns the name of the error mode used to convert between | | + | Unicode filenames and bytes filenames. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | `zlib <https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/3.6.html#zlib>`_ | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ + | The *compress()* and *decompress()* functions now accept keyword arguments | | + +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |