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diff --git a/docs/differences/index_template.txt b/docs/differences/index_template.txt index dbbd7fc09..1bbfbfedc 100644 --- a/docs/differences/index_template.txt +++ b/docs/differences/index_template.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ above. The sections below describe the current status of these features. ../differences/python_37.rst ../differences/python_38.rst ../differences/python_39.rst + ../differences/python_310.rst For the features of Python that are implemented by MicroPython, there are sometimes differences in their behaviour compared to standard Python. The diff --git a/docs/differences/python_310.rst b/docs/differences/python_310.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9d92db65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/differences/python_310.rst @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +.. _python_310: + +Python 3.10 +=========== + +Python 3.10.0 (final) was released on the 4 October 2021. The Features for 3.10 are +defined in `PEP 619 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0619/#features-for-3-10>`_ +and a detailed description of the changes can be found in +`What's New in Python 3.10 <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html>`_. + +.. table:: + :widths: 20 60 20 + + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **New syntax features** | **Status** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 634 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0634/>`_ | Structural Pattern Matching: Specification | [#spm]_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 635 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0635/>`_ | Structural Pattern Matching: Motivation and | [#spm]_ | + | | Rationale | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 636 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0636/>`_ | Structural Pattern Matching: Tutorial | [#spm]_ | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `bpo-12782 | Parenthesized context managers are now officially | | + | <https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/56991>`_ | allowed | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **New features in the standard library** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 618 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0618/>`_ | Add Optional Length-Checking To zip | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **Interpreter improvements** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 626 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0626/>`_ | Precise line numbers for debugging and other tools | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **New typing features** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 604 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0604/>`_ | Allow writing union types as X | Y | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 613 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0613/>`_ | Explicit Type Aliases | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 612 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0612/>`_ | Parameter Specification Variables | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | **Important deprecations, removals or restrictions** | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 644 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0644/>`_ | Require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 632 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0632/>`_ | Deprecate distutils module. | Not relevant | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 623 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0623/>`_ | Deprecate and prepare for the removal of the wstr | Not relevant | + | | member in PyUnicodeObject. | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 624 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0624/>`_ | Remove Py_UNICODE encoder APIs | Not relevant | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + | `PEP 597 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0597/>`_ | Add optional EncodingWarning | | + +--------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ + + +Other Language Changes: + +.. table:: + :widths: 90 10 + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The :class:`int` type has a new method :meth:`int.bit_count`, returning the | | + | number of ones in the binary expansion of a given integer, also known | | + | as the population count. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The views returned by :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` and | | + | :meth:`dict.items` now all have a ``mapping`` attribute that gives a | | + | :class:`types.MappingProxyType` object wrapping the original | | + | dictionary. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | :pep:`618`: The :func:`zip` function now has an optional ``strict`` flag, used | | + | to require that all the iterables have an equal length. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Builtin and extension functions that take integer arguments no longer accept | | + | :class:`~decimal.Decimal`\ s, :class:`~fractions.Fraction`\ s and other | | + | objects that can be converted to integers only with a loss (e.g. that have | | + | the :meth:`~object.__int__` method but do not have the | | + | :meth:`~object.__index__` method). | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | If :func:`object.__ipow__` returns :const:`NotImplemented`, the operator will | | + | correctly fall back to :func:`object.__pow__` and :func:`object.__rpow__` as expected. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Assignment expressions can now be used unparenthesized within set literals | | + | and set comprehensions, as well as in sequence indexes (but not slices). | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Functions have a new ``__builtins__`` attribute which is used to look for | | + | builtin symbols when a function is executed, instead of looking into | | + | ``__globals__['__builtins__']``. The attribute is initialized from | | + | ``__globals__["__builtins__"]`` if it exists, else from the current builtins. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Two new builtin functions -- :func:`aiter` and :func:`anext` have been added | | + | to provide asynchronous counterparts to :func:`iter` and :func:`next`, | | + | respectively. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Static methods (:func:`@staticmethod <staticmethod>`) and class methods | | + | (:func:`@classmethod <classmethod>`) now inherit the method attributes | | + | (``__module__``, ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__doc__``, | | + | ``__annotations__``) and have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute. | | + | Moreover, static methods are now callable as regular functions. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Annotations for complex targets (everything beside ``simple name`` targets | | + | defined by :pep:`526`) no longer cause any runtime effects with ``from __future__ import annotations``. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Class and module objects now lazy-create empty annotations dicts on demand. | | + | The annotations dicts are stored in the object’s ``__dict__`` for | | + | backwards compatibility. This improves the best practices for working | | + | with ``__annotations__``. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Annotations consist of ``yield``, ``yield from``, ``await`` or named expressions | | + | are now forbidden under ``from __future__ import annotations`` due to their side | | + | effects. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Usage of unbound variables, ``super()`` and other expressions that might | | + | alter the processing of symbol table as annotations are now rendered | | + | effectless under ``from __future__ import annotations``. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Hashes of NaN values of both :class:`float` type and | | + | :class:`decimal.Decimal` type now depend on object identity. Formerly, they | | + | always hashed to ``0`` even though NaN values are not equal to one another. | | + | This caused potentially quadratic runtime behavior due to excessive hash | | + | collisions when creating dictionaries and sets containing multiple NaNs. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A :exc:`SyntaxError` (instead of a :exc:`NameError`) will be raised when deleting | | + | the :const:`__debug__` constant. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions now have ``end_lineno`` and | | + | ``end_offset`` attributes. They will be ``None`` if not determined. | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + +Changes to built-in modules: + +.. table:: + :widths: 90 10 + + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `asyncio <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#asyncio>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add missing :meth:`~asyncio.events.AbstractEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket` | | + | method. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `array <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#array>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The :meth:`~array.array.index` method of :class:`array.array` now has | | + | optional *start* and *stop* parameters. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `gc <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#gc>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add audit hooks for :func:`gc.get_objects`, :func:`gc.get_referrers` and | | + | :func:`gc.get_referents`. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `hashlib <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#hashlib>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The hashlib module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The hashlib module has preliminary support for OpenSSL 3.0.0. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The pure-Python fallback of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` is deprecated. In | | + | the future PBKDF2-HMAC will only be available when Python has been built with | | + | OpenSSL support. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `os <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#os>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :func:`os.cpu_count()` support for VxWorks RTOS. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add a new function :func:`os.eventfd` and related helpers to wrap the | | + | ``eventfd2`` syscall on Linux. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :func:`os.splice()` that allows to move data between two file | | + | descriptors without copying between kernel address space and user | | + | address space, where one of the file descriptors must refer to a | | + | pipe. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :data:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :data:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :data:`~os.O_SYMLINK` | | + | and :data:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `platform <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#platform>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release()` to retrieve operation system | | + | identification from `freedesktop.org os-release | | + | <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_ standard file. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `socket <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#socket>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The exception :exc:`socket.timeout` is now an alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add option to create MPTCP sockets with ``IPPROTO_MPTCP``. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add ``IP_RECVTOS`` option to receive the type of service (ToS) or DSCP/ECN fields. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `ssl <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#ssl>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The ssl module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The ssl module has preliminary support for OpenSSL 3.0.0 and new option | | + | :data:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF`. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Deprecated function and use of deprecated constants now result in | | + | a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.options` has | | + | :data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` and :data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3` set by default and | | + | therefore cannot warn about setting the flag again. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The ssl module now has more secure default settings. Ciphers without forward | | + | secrecy or SHA-1 MAC are disabled by default. Security level 2 prohibits | | + | weak RSA, DH, and ECC keys with less than 112 bits of security. | | + | :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` defaults to minimum protocol version TLS 1.2. | | + | Settings are based on Hynek Schlawack's research. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The deprecated protocols SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0, and TLS 1.1 are no longer | | + | officially supported. Python does not block them actively. However | | + | OpenSSL build options, distro configurations, vendor patches, and cipher | | + | suites may prevent a successful handshake. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add a *timeout* parameter to the :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` function. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | The ssl module uses heap-types and multi-phase initialization. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | A new verify flag :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` has been added. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `sys <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#sys>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :data:`sys.orig_argv` attribute: the list of the original command line | | + | arguments passed to the Python executable. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | Add :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`, containing the list of the standard library | | + | module names. | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | `_thread <https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html#_thread>`_ | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + | :func:`_thread.interrupt_main` now takes an optional signal number to | | + | simulate (the default is still :data:`signal.SIGINT`). | | + +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+ + +.. rubric:: Notes + +.. [#spm] The structural pattern matching feature is discussed in `issue #7847 <https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/7847>`_. + |