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2025-07-12aio: Fix configuration reload in IO workers.Thomas Munro
method_worker.c installed SignalHandlerForConfigReload, but it failed to actually process reload requests. That hasn't yet produced any concrete problem reports in terms of GUC changes it should have cared about in v18, but it was inconsistent. It did cause problems for a couple of patches in development that need IO workers to react to ALTER SYSTEM + pg_reload_conf(). Fix extracted from one of those patches. Back-patch to 18. Reported-by: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/sh5uqe4a4aqo5zkkpfy5fobe2rg2zzouctdjz7kou4t74c66ql%40yzpkxb7pgoxf
2025-07-12aio: Remove obsolete IO worker ID references.Thomas Munro
In an ancient ancestor of this code, the postmaster assigned IDs to IO workers. Now it tracks them in an unordered array and doesn't know their IDs, so it might be confusing to readers that it still referred to their indexes as IDs. No change in behavior, just variable name and error message cleanup. Back-patch to 18. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2BwbaZZ9Nwc_bTopm4f-7vDmCwLk80uKDHj9mq%2BUp0E%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com
2025-07-12aio: Regularize IO worker internal naming.Thomas Munro
Adopt PgAioXXX convention for pgaio module type names. Rename a function that didn't use a pgaio_worker_ submodule prefix. Rename the internal submit function's arguments to match the indirectly relevant function pointer declaration and nearby examples. Rename the array of handle IDs in PgAioSubmissionQueue to sqes, a term of art seen in the systems it emulates, also clarifying that they're not IO handle pointers as the old name might imply. No change in behavior, just type, variable and function name cleanup. Back-patch to 18. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2BwbaZZ9Nwc_bTopm4f-7vDmCwLk80uKDHj9mq%2BUp0E%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com
2025-07-12Fix stale idle flag when IO workers exit.Thomas Munro
Otherwise we could choose a worker that has exited and crash while trying to wake it up. Back-patch to 18. Reported-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/t5aqjhkj6xdkido535pds7fk5z4finoxra4zypefjqnlieevbg%40357aaf6u525j
2025-07-11Fix inconsistent quoting of role names in ACLs.Tom Lane
getid() and putid(), which parse and deparse role names within ACL input/output, applied isalnum() to see if a character within a role name requires quoting. They did this even for non-ASCII characters, which is problematic because the results would depend on encoding, locale, and perhaps even platform. So it's possible that putid() could elect not to quote some string that, later in some other environment, getid() will decide is not a valid identifier, causing dump/reload or similar failures. To fix this in a way that won't risk interoperability problems with unpatched versions, make getid() treat any non-ASCII as a legitimate identifier character (hence not requiring quotes), while making putid() treat any non-ASCII as requiring quoting. We could remove the resulting excess quoting once we feel that no unpatched servers remain in the wild, but that'll be years. A lesser problem is that getid() did the wrong thing with an input consisting of just two double quotes (""). That has to represent an empty string, but getid() read it as a single double quote instead. The case cannot arise in the normal course of events, since we don't allow empty-string role names. But let's fix it while we're here. Although we've not heard field reports of problems with non-ASCII role names, there's clearly a hazard there, so back-patch to all supported versions. Reported-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3792884.1751492172@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 13
2025-07-11Add FLUSH_UNLOGGED option to CHECKPOINT command.Nathan Bossart
This option, which is disabled by default, can be used to request the checkpoint also flush dirty buffers of unlogged relations. As with the MODE option, the server may consolidate the options for concurrently requested checkpoints. For example, if one session uses (FLUSH_UNLOGGED FALSE) and another uses (FLUSH_UNLOGGED TRUE), the server may perform one checkpoint with FLUSH_UNLOGGED enabled. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Add MODE option to CHECKPOINT command.Nathan Bossart
This option may be set to FAST (the default) to request the checkpoint be completed as fast as possible, or SPREAD to request the checkpoint be spread over a longer interval (based on the checkpoint-related configuration parameters). Note that the server may consolidate the options for concurrently requested checkpoints. For example, if one session requests a "fast" checkpoint and another requests a "spread" checkpoint, the server may perform one "fast" checkpoint. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Add option list to CHECKPOINT command.Nathan Bossart
This commit adds the boilerplate code for supporting a list of options in CHECKPOINT commands. No actual options are supported yet, but follow-up commits will add support for MODE and FLUSH_UNLOGGED. While at it, this commit refactors the code for executing CHECKPOINT commands to its own function since it's about to become significantly larger. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Rename CHECKPOINT_IMMEDIATE to CHECKPOINT_FAST.Nathan Bossart
The new name more accurately reflects the effects of this flag on a requested checkpoint. Checkpoint-related log messages (i.e., those controlled by the log_checkpoints configuration parameter) will now say "fast" instead of "immediate", too. Likewise, references to "immediate" checkpoints in the documentation have been updated to say "fast". This is preparatory work for a follow-up commit that will add a MODE option to the CHECKPOINT command. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Rename CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_ALL to CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_UNLOGGED.Nathan Bossart
The new name more accurately relects the effects of this flag on a requested checkpoint. Checkpoint-related log messages (i.e., those controlled by the log_checkpoints configuration parameter) will now say "flush-unlogged" instead of "flush-all", too. This is preparatory work for a follow-up commit that will add a FLUSH_UNLOGGED option to the CHECKPOINT command. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Force LC_NUMERIC to C while running TAP tests.Tom Lane
We already forced LC_MESSAGES to C in order to get consistent message output, but that isn't enough to stabilize messages that include %f or similar formatting. I'm a bit surprised that this hasn't come up before. Perhaps we ought to back-patch this change, but I'll refrain for now. Reported-by: Bernd Helmle <mailings@oopsware.de> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/6f024eaa7885eddf5e0eb4ba1d095fbc7146519b.camel@oopsware.de
2025-07-11Fix the handling of two GUCs during upgrade.Amit Kapila
Previously, the check_hook functions for max_slot_wal_keep_size and idle_replication_slot_timeout would incorrectly raise an ERROR for values set in postgresql.conf during upgrade, even though those values were not actively used in the upgrade process. To prevent logical slot invalidation during upgrade, we used to set special values for these GUCs. Now, instead of relying on those values, we directly prevent WAL removal and logical slot invalidation caused by max_slot_wal_keep_size and idle_replication_slot_timeout. Note: PostgreSQL 17 does not include the idle_replication_slot_timeout GUC, so related changes were not backported. BUG #18979 Reported-by: jorsol <jorsol@gmail.com> Author: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Backpatch-through: 17, where it was introduced Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/219561.1751826409@sss.pgh.pa.us Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18979-a1b7fdbb7cd181c6@postgresql.org
2025-07-11doc: Clarify meaning of "idle" in idle_replication_slot_timeout.Fujii Masao
This commit updates the documentation to clarify that "idle" in idle_replication_slot_timeout means the replication slot is inactive, that is, not currently used by any replication connection. Without this clarification, "idle" could be misinterpreted to mean that the slot is not advancing or that no data is being streamed, even if a connection exists. Back-patch to v18 where idle_replication_slot_timeout was added. Author: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Gunnar Morling <gunnar.morling@googlemail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADGJaX_0+FTguWpNSpgVWYQP_7MhoO0D8=cp4XozSQgaZ40Odw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-11Change unit of idle_replication_slot_timeout to seconds.Fujii Masao
Previously, the idle_replication_slot_timeout parameter used minutes as its unit, based on the assumption that values would typically exceed one minute in production environments. However, this caused unexpected behavior: specifying a value below 30 seconds would round down to 0, effectively disabling the timeout. This could be surprising to users. To allow finer-grained control and avoid such confusion, this commit changes the unit of idle_replication_slot_timeout to seconds. Larger values can still be specified easily using standard time suffixes, for example, '24h' for 24 hours. Back-patch to v18 where idle_replication_slot_timeout was added. Reported-by: Gunnar Morling <gunnar.morling@googlemail.com> Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADGJaX_0+FTguWpNSpgVWYQP_7MhoO0D8=cp4XozSQgaZ40Odw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-10Fix sslkeylogfile error handling loggingDaniel Gustafsson
When sslkeylogfile has been set but the file fails to open in an otherwise successful connection, the log entry added to the conn object is never printed. Instead print the error on stderr for increased visibility. This is a debugging tool so using stderr for logging is appropriate. Also while there, remove the umask call in the callback as it's not useful. Issues noted by Peter Eisentraut in post-commit review, backpatch down to 18 when support for sslkeylogfile was added Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reported-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/70450bee-cfaa-48ce-8980-fc7efcfebb03@eisentraut.org Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-10pg_dump: Fix object-type sort priority for large objects.Nathan Bossart
Commit a45c78e328 moved large object metadata from SECTION_PRE_DATA to SECTION_DATA but neglected to move PRIO_LARGE_OBJECT in dbObjectTypePriorities accordingly. While this hasn't produced any known live bugs, it causes problems for a proposed patch that optimizes upgrades with many large objects. Fixing the priority might also make the topological sort step marginally faster by reducing the number of ordering violations that have to be fixed. Reviewed-by: Nitin Motiani <nitinmotiani@google.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aBkQLSkx1zUJ-LwJ%40nathan Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aG_5DBCjdDX6KAoD%40nathan Backpatch-through: 17
2025-07-10injection_points: Add injection_points_list()Michael Paquier
This function can be used to retrieve the information about all the injection points attached to a cluster, providing coverage for InjectionPointList() introduced in 7b2eb72b1b8c. The original proposal turned around a system function, but that would not be backpatchable to stable branches. It was also a bit weird to have a system function that fails depending on if the build allows injection points or not. Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev <aleksander@timescale.com> Reviewed-by: Rahila Syed <rahilasyed90@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z_xYkA21KyLEHvWR@paquier.xyz
2025-07-09Use pg_assume() to avoid compiler warning below exec_set_found()Andres Freund
The warning, visible when building with -O3 and a recent-ish gcc, is due to gcc not realizing that found is a byvalue type and therefore will never be interpreted as a varlena type. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3prdb6hkep3duglhsujrn52bkvnlkvhc54fzvph2emrsm4vodl@77yy6j4hkemb Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20230316172818.x6375uvheom3ibt2%40awork3.anarazel.de Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240207203138.sknifhlppdtgtxnk%40awork3.anarazel.de
2025-07-09Add pg_assume(expr) macroAndres Freund
This macro can be used to avoid compiler warnings, particularly when using -O3 and not using assertions, and to get the compiler to generate better code. A subsequent commit introduces a first user. Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3prdb6hkep3duglhsujrn52bkvnlkvhc54fzvph2emrsm4vodl@77yy6j4hkemb Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20230316172818.x6375uvheom3ibt2%40awork3.anarazel.de Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240207203138.sknifhlppdtgtxnk%40awork3.anarazel.de
2025-07-09Link libpq with libdl if the platform needs that.Tom Lane
Since b0635bfda, libpq uses dlopen() and related functions. On some platforms these are not supplied by libc, but by a separate library libdl, in which case we need to make sure that that dependency is known to the linker. Meson seems to take care of that automatically, but the Makefile didn't cater for it. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1328170.1752082586@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-09Change wchar2char() and char2wchar() to accept a locale_t.Jeff Davis
These are libc-specific functions, so should require a locale_t rather than a pg_locale_t (which could use another provider). Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/a8666c391dfcabe79868d95f7160eac533ace718.camel%40j-davis.com
2025-07-09Minor tweaks for pg_test_timing.Tom Lane
Increase the size of the "direct" histogram to 10K elements, so that we can precisely track loop times up to 10 microseconds. (Going further than that seems pretty uninteresting, even for very old and slow machines.) Relabel "Per loop time" as "Average loop time" for clarity. Pre-zero the histogram arrays to make sure that they are loaded into processor cache and any copy-on-write overhead has happened before we enter the timing loop. Also use unlikely() to keep the compiler from thinking that the clock-went-backwards case is part of the hot loop. Neither of these hacks made a lot of difference on my own machine, but they seem like they might help on some platforms. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/be0339cc-1ae1-4892-9445-8e6d8995a44d@eisentraut.org
2025-07-09Introduce pg_dsm_registry_allocations view.Nathan Bossart
This commit adds a new system view that provides information about entries in the dynamic shared memory (DSM) registry. Specifically, it returns the name, type, and size of each entry. Note that since we cannot discover the size of dynamic shared memory areas (DSAs) and hash tables backed by DSAs (dshashes) without first attaching to them, the size column is left as NULL for those. Bumps catversion. Author: Florents Tselai <florents.tselai@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sungwoo Chang <swchangdev@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4D445D3E-81C5-4135-95BB-D414204A0AB4%40gmail.com
2025-07-09Fix tab-completion for COPY and \copy options.Masahiko Sawada
Commit c273d9d8ce4 reworked tab-completion of COPY and \copy in psql and added support for completing options within WITH clauses. However, the same COPY options were suggested for both COPY TO and COPY FROM commands, even though some options are only valid for one or the other. This commit separates the COPY options for COPY FROM and COPY TO commands to provide more accurate auto-completion suggestions. Back-patch to v14 where tab-completion for COPY and \copy options within WITH clauses was first supported. Author: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/079e7a2c801f252ae8d522b772790ed7@oss.nttdata.com Backpatch-through: 14
2025-07-09psql: Improve psql tab completion for GRANT/REVOKE on large objects.Fujii Masao
This commit enhances psql's tab completion to support TO/FROM after "GRANT/REVOKE ... ON LARGE OBJECT ...". Additionally, since "ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES" now supports large objects, tab completion is also updated for "GRANT/REVOKE ... ON LARGE OBJECTS" with TO/FROM. Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ade0ab29-777f-47f6-9d0d-1af67728a86e@oss.nttdata.com
2025-07-09Hide ICU C++ APIs from pg_locale.hJohn Naylor
The cpluspluscheck script wraps our headers in `extern "C"`. This disables name mangling, which is necessary for the C++ templates in system ICU headers. cpluspluscheck thus fails when the build is configured with ICU (the default). CI worked around this by disabling ICU, but let's make it work so others can run the script. We can specify we only want the C APIs by defining U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API to be 0 in pg_locale.h. Extensions that want the C++ APIs can include ICU headers separately before including PostgreSQL headers. ICU documentation: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/main/docs/processes/release/tasks/healthy-code.md#test-icu4c-headers Suggested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220323002024.f2g6tivduzrktgfa%40alap3.anarazel.de Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANWCAZbgiaz1_0-F4SD%2B%3D-e9onwAnQdBGJbhg94EqUu4Gb7WyA%40mail.gmail.com
2025-07-09libpq: Add TAP test for nested service fileMichael Paquier
This test corresponds to the case of a "service" defined in a service file, that libpq is not able to support in parseServiceFile(). This has come up during the review of a patch to add more features in this area, useful on its own. Piece extracted from a larger patch by the same author. Author: Ryo Kanbayashi <kanbayashi.dev@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Zz2AE7NKKLIZTtEh@paquier.xyz
2025-07-09libpq: Remove PQservice()Michael Paquier
This routine has been introduced as a shortcut to be able to retrieve a service name from an active connection, for psql. Per discussion, and as it is only used by psql, let's remove it to not clutter the libpq API more than necessary. The logic in psql is replaced by lookups of PQconninfoOption for the active connection, instead, updated each time the variables are synced by psql, the prompt shortcut relying on the variable synced. Reported-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250706161319.c1.nmisch@google.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-08Fix low-probability memory leak in XMLSERIALIZE(... INDENT).Tom Lane
xmltotext_with_options() did not consider the possibility that pg_xml_init() could fail --- most likely due to OOM. If that happened, the already-parsed xmlDoc structure would be leaked. Oversight in commit 483bdb2af. Bug: #18981 Author: Dmitry Kovalenko <d.kovalenko@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18981-9bc3c80f107ae925@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 16
2025-07-08Change pg_test_timing to measure in nanoseconds not microseconds.Tom Lane
Most of our platforms have better-than-microsecond timing resolution, so the original definition of this program is getting less and less useful. Make it report nanoseconds not microseconds. Also, add a second output table that reports the exact observed timing durations, up to a limit of 1024 ns; and be sure to report the largest observed duration. The documentation for this program included a lot of system-specific details that now seem largely obsolete. Move all that text to the PG wiki, where perhaps it will be easier to maintain and update. Also, improve the TAP test so that it actually runs a short standard run, allowing most of the code to be exercised; its coverage before was abysmal. Author: Hannu Krosing <hannuk@google.com> Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/be0339cc-1ae1-4892-9445-8e6d8995a44d@eisentraut.org
2025-07-08pg_walsummary: Improve stability of test checking statisticsMichael Paquier
Per buildfarm member culicidae, the query checking for stats reported by the WAL summarizer related to WAL reads is proving to be unstable. Instead of a one-time query, this commit replaces the logic with a polling query checking for the WAL read stats, making the test more reliable on machines that could be slow with the stats reports. This test has been introduced in f4694e0f35b2, so backpatch down to v18. Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/f35ba3db-fca7-4693-bc35-6db64488e4b1@gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-07aio: Combine io_uring memory mappings, if supportedAndres Freund
By default io_uring creates a shared memory mapping for each io_uring instance, leading to a large number of memory mappings. Unfortunately a large number of memory mappings slows things down, backend exit is particularly affected. To address that, newer kernels (6.5) support using user-provided memory for the memory. By putting the relevant memory into shared memory we don't need any additional mappings. On a system with a new enough kernel and liburing, there is no discernible overhead when doing a pgbench -S -C anymore. Reported-by: MARK CALLAGHAN <mdcallag@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: "Burd, Greg" <greg@burd.me> Reviewed-by: Jim Nasby <jnasby@upgrade.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFbpF8OA44_UG+RYJcWH9WjF7E3GA6gka3gvH6nsrSnEe9H0NA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-07-08Consider explicit incremental sort for Append and MergeAppendRichard Guo
For an ordered Append or MergeAppend, we need to inject an explicit sort into any subpath that is not already well enough ordered. Currently, only explicit full sorts are considered; incremental sorts are not yet taken into account. In this patch, for subpaths of an ordered Append or MergeAppend, we choose to use explicit incremental sort if it is enabled and there are presorted keys. The rationale is based on the assumption that incremental sort is always faster than full sort when there are presorted keys, a premise that has been applied in various parts of the code. In addition, the current cost model tends to favor incremental sort as being cheaper than full sort in the presence of presorted keys, making it reasonable not to consider full sort in such cases. No backpatch as this could result in plan changes. Author: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMbWs4_V7a2enTR+T3pOY_YZ-FU8ZsFYym2swOz4jNMqmSgyuw@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-07Adapt pg_upgrade test to pg_lsn output format differenceÁlvaro Herrera
Commit 2633dae2e487 added some zero padding to various LSNs output routines so that the low word is always 8 hex digits long, for easy human consumption. This included the pg_lsn datatype, which breaks the pg_upgrade test when it compares the pg_dump output of an older version. Silence this problem by setting the pg_lsn columns to NULL before the upgrade. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202507071504.xm2r26u7lmzr@alvherre.pgsql
2025-07-07Restore the ability to run pl/pgsql expression queries in parallel.Tom Lane
pl/pgsql's notion of an "expression" is very broad, encompassing any SQL SELECT query that returns a single column and no more than one row. So there are cases, for example evaluation of an aggregate function, where the query involves significant work and it'd be useful to run it with parallel workers. This used to be possible, but commits 3eea7a0c9 et al unintentionally disabled it. The simplest fix is to make exec_eval_expr() pass maxtuples = 0 rather than 2 to exec_run_select(). This avoids the new rule that we will never use parallelism when a nonzero "count" limit is passed to ExecutorRun(). (Note that the pre-3eea7a0c9 behavior was indeed unsafe, so reverting that rule is not in the cards.) The reason for passing 2 before was that exec_eval_expr() will throw an error if it gets more than one returned row, so we figured that as soon as we have two rows we know that will happen and we might as well stop running the query. That choice was cost-free when it was made; but disabling parallelism is far from cost-free, so now passing 2 amounts to optimizing a failure case at the expense of useful cases. An expression query that can return more than one row is certainly broken. People might now need to wait a bit longer to discover such breakage; but hopefully few will use enormously expensive cases as their first test of new pl/pgsql logic. Author: Dipesh Dhameliya <dipeshdhameliya125@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABgZEgdfbnq9t6xXJnmXbChNTcWFjeM_6nuig41tm327gYi2ig@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-07-07Refactor some repetitive SLRU codeÁlvaro Herrera
Functions to bootstrap and zero pages in various SLRU callers were fairly duplicative. We can slash almost two hundred lines with a couple of simple helpers: - SimpleLruZeroAndWritePage: Does the equivalent of SimpleLruZeroPage followed by flushing the page to disk - XLogSimpleInsertInt64: Does a XLogBeginInsert followed by XLogInsert of a trivial record whose data is just an int64. Author: Evgeny Voropaev <evgeny.voropaev@tantorlabs.com> Reviewed by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Reviewed by: Aleksander Alekseev <aleksander@timescale.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/97820ce8-a1cd-407f-a02b-47368fadb14b%40tantorlabs.com
2025-07-07Standardize LSN formatting by zero paddingÁlvaro Herrera
This commit standardizes the output format for LSNs to ensure consistent representation across various tools and messages. Previously, LSNs were inconsistently printed as `%X/%X` in some contexts, while others used zero-padding. This often led to confusion when comparing. To address this, the LSN format is now uniformly set to `%X/%08X`, ensuring the lower 32-bit part is always zero-padded to eight hexadecimal digits. Author: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ME0P300MB0445CA53CA0E4B8C1879AF84B641A@ME0P300MB0445.AUSP300.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM
2025-07-07Integrate FullTransactionIds deeper into two-phase codeMichael Paquier
This refactoring is a follow-up of the work done in 5a1dfde8334b, that has switched 2PC file names to use FullTransactionIds when written on disk. This will help with the integration of a follow-up solution related to the handling of two-phase files during recovery, to address older defects while reading these from disk after a crash. This change is useful in itself as it reduces the need to build the file names from epoch numbers and TransactionIds, because we can use directly FullTransactionIds from which the 2PC file names are guessed. So this avoids a lot of back-and-forth between the FullTransactionIds retrieved from the file names and how these are passed around in the internal 2PC logic. Note that the core of the change is the use of a FullTransactionId instead of a TransactionId in GlobalTransactionData, that tracks 2PC file information in shared memory. The change in TwoPhaseCallback makes this commit unfit for stable branches. Noah has contributed a good chunk of this patch. I have spent some time on it as well while working on the issues with two-phase state files and recovery. Author: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Co-Authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z5sd5O9JO7NYNK-C@paquier.xyz Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250116205254.65.nmisch@google.com
2025-07-04Fix new pg_upgrade query not to rely on regnamespaceÁlvaro Herrera
That was invented in 9.5, and pg_upgrade claims to support back to 9.0. But we don't need that with a simple query change, tested by Tom Lane. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202507041645.afjl5rssvrgu@alvherre.pgsql
2025-07-04pg_upgrade: Add missing newline in error messageÁlvaro Herrera
Minor oversight in 347758b12063
2025-07-04pg_upgrade: check for inconsistencies in not-null constraints w/inheritanceÁlvaro Herrera
With tables defined like this, CREATE TABLE ip (id int PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE ic (id int) INHERITS (ip); ALTER TABLE ic ALTER id DROP NOT NULL; pg_upgrade fails during the schema restore phase due to this error: ERROR: column "id" in child table must be marked NOT NULL This can only be fixed by marking the child column as NOT NULL before the upgrade, which could take an arbitrary amount of time (because ic's data must be scanned). Have pg_upgrade's check mode warn if that condition is found, so that users know what to adjust before running the upgrade for real. Author: Ali Akbar <the.apaan@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACQjQLoMsE+1pyLe98pi0KvPG2jQQ94LWJ+PTiLgVRK4B=i_jg@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-04Disable commit timestamps during bootstrapMichael Paquier
Attempting to use commit timestamps during bootstrapping leads to an assertion failure, that can be reached for example with an initdb -c that enables track_commit_timestamp. It makes little sense to register a commit timestamp for a BootstrapTransactionId, so let's disable the activation of the module in this case. This problem has been independently reported once by each author of this commit. Each author has proposed basically the same patch, relying on IsBootstrapProcessingMode() to skip the use of commit_ts during bootstrap. The test addition is a suggestion by me, and is applied down to v16. Author: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Author: Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OSCPR01MB14966FF9E4C4145F37B937E52F5102@OSCPR01MB14966.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87plejmnpy.fsf@163.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-07-04Speed up truncation of temporary relations.Fujii Masao
Previously, truncating a temporary relation required scanning the entire local buffer pool once per relation fork to invalidate buffers. This could be slow, especially with a large local buffers, as the scan was repeated multiple times. A similar issue with regular tables (shared buffers) was addressed in commit 6d05086c0a7 by scanning the buffer pool only once for all forks. This commit applies the same optimization to temporary relations, improving truncation performance. Author: Daniil Davydov <3danissimo@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Maxim Orlov <orlovmg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJDiXggNqsJOH7C5co4jA8nDk8vw-=sokyh5s1_TENWnC6Ofcg@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-03Simplify COALESCE() with one surviving argument.Tom Lane
If, after removal of useless null-constant arguments, a CoalesceExpr has exactly one remaining argument, we can just take that argument as the result, without bothering to wrap a new CoalesceExpr around it. This isn't likely to produce any great improvement in runtime per se, but it can lead to better plans since the planner no longer has to treat the expression as non-strict. However, there were a few regression test cases that intentionally wrote COALESCE(x) as a shorthand way of creating a non-strict subexpression. To avoid ruining the intent of those tests, write COALESCE(x,x) instead. (If anyone ever proposes de-duplicating COALESCE arguments, we'll need another iteration of this arms race. But it seems pretty unlikely that such an optimization would be worthwhile.) Author: Maksim Milyutin <maksim.milyutin@tantorlabs.ru> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8e8573c3-1411-448d-877e-53258b7b2be0@tantorlabs.ru
2025-07-03Add cross-type comparisons to contrib/btree_gin.Tom Lane
Extend the infrastructure in btree_gin.c to permit cross-type operators, and add the code to support them for the int2, int4, and int8 opclasses. (To keep this patch digestible, I left the other datatypes for a separate patch.) This improves the usability of btree_gin indexes by allowing them to support the same set of queries that a regular btree index does. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Arseniy Mukhin <arseniy.mukhin.dev@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/262624.1738460652@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-07-03Break out xxx2yyy_opt_overflow APIs for more datetime conversions.Tom Lane
Previous commits invented timestamp2timestamptz_opt_overflow, date2timestamp_opt_overflow, and date2timestamptz_opt_overflow functions to perform non-error-throwing conversions between datetime types. This patch completes the set by adding timestamp2date_opt_overflow, timestamptz2date_opt_overflow, and timestamptz2timestamp_opt_overflow. In addition, adjust timestamp2timestamptz_opt_overflow so that it doesn't throw error if timestamp2tm fails, but treats that as an overflow case. The situation probably can't arise except with an invalid timestamp value, and I can't think of a way that that would happen except data corruption. However, it's pretty silly to have a function whose entire reason for existence is to not throw errors for out-of-range inputs nonetheless throw an error for out-of-range input. The new APIs are not used in this patch, but will be needed in upcoming btree_gin changes. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Arseniy Mukhin <arseniy.mukhin.dev@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/262624.1738460652@sss.pgh.pa.us
2025-07-03Obtain required table lock during cross-table updates, redux.Tom Lane
Commits 8319e5cb5 et al missed the fact that ATPostAlterTypeCleanup contains three calls to ATPostAlterTypeParse, and the other two also need protection against passing a relid that we don't yet have lock on. Add similar logic to those code paths, and add some test cases demonstrating the need for it. In v18 and master, the test cases demonstrate that there's a behavioral discrepancy between stored generated columns and virtual generated columns: we disallow changing the expression of a stored column if it's used in any composite-type columns, but not that of a virtual column. Since the expression isn't actually relevant to either sort of composite-type usage, this prohibition seems unnecessary; but changing it is a matter for separate discussion. For now we are just documenting the existing behavior. Reported-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Author: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: CACJufxGKJtGNRRSXfwMW9SqVOPEMdP17BJ7DsBf=tNsv9pWU9g@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-07-03Add tab-completion for ALTER TABLE not-nullsÁlvaro Herrera
The command is: ALTER TABLE x ADD [CONSTRAINT y] NOT NULL z This syntax was added in 18, but I got pushback for getting commit dbf42b84ac7b in 18 (also tab-completion for new syntax) after the feature freeze, so I'll put this in master only for now. Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reported-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d4f14c6b-086b-463c-b15f-01c7c9728eab@oss.nttdata.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202505111448.bwbfomrymq4b@alvherre.pgsql
2025-07-03Remove leftover dead code from commit_ts.h.Fujii Masao
Commit 08aa89b3262 removed the COMMIT_TS_SETTS WAL record, leaving xl_commit_ts_set and SizeOfCommitTsSet unused. However, it missed removing these definitions. This commit cleans up the leftover code. Since this is a cleanup rather than a bug fix, it is applied only to the master branch. Author: Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87ecuzmkqf.fsf@163.com
2025-07-03Prevent creation of duplicate not-null constraints for domainsÁlvaro Herrera
This was previously harmless, but now that we create pg_constraint rows for those, duplicates are not welcome anymore. Backpatch to 18. Co-authored-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxFSC0mcQ82bSk58sO-WJY4P-o4N6RD2M0D=DD_u_6EzdQ@mail.gmail.com