Merge patch series "fs: generic file IO error reporting"

Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> says:

This patchset adds some generic helpers so that filesystems can report
errors to fsnotify in a standard way.  Then it adapts iomap to use the
generic helpers so that any iomap-enabled filesystem can report I/O
errors through this mechanism as well.  Finally, it makes XFS report
metadata errors through this mechanism in much the same way that ext4
does now.

These are a prerequisite for the XFS self-healing series which will
come at a later time.

* patches from https://patch.msgid.link/176826402528.3490369.2415315475116356277.stgit@frogsfrogsfrogs:
  ext4: convert to new fserror helpers
  xfs: translate fsdax media errors into file "data lost" errors when convenient
  xfs: report fs metadata errors via fsnotify
  iomap: report file I/O errors to the VFS
  fs: report filesystem and file I/O errors to fsnotify
  uapi: promote EFSCORRUPTED and EUCLEAN to errno.h

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/176826402528.3490369.2415315475116356277.stgit@frogsfrogsfrogs
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

31 files changed, 373 insertions, 24 deletions

diff --git a/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 3d265f6babaf..6791f6508632 100644
--- a/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #define	ENOSR		82	/* Out of streams resources */
 #define	ETIME		83	/* Timer expired */
 #define	EBADMSG		84	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EPROTO		85	/* Protocol error */
 #define	ENODATA		86	/* No data available */
 #define	ENOSTR		87	/* Device not a stream */
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
 #define	EREMCHG		115	/* Remote address changed */
 
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 2fb714e2d6d8..c01ed91b1ef4 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #define EDOTDOT		73	/* RFS specific error */
 #define EMULTIHOP	74	/* Multihop attempted */
 #define EBADMSG		77	/* Not a data message */
+#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define ENAMETOOLONG	78	/* File name too long */
 #define EOVERFLOW	79	/* Value too large for defined data type */
 #define ENOTUNIQ	80	/* Name not unique on network */
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 #define EISCONN		133	/* Transport endpoint is already connected */
 #define ENOTCONN	134	/* Transport endpoint is not connected */
 #define EUCLEAN		135	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define ENOTNAM		137	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define ENAVAIL		138	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define EISNAM		139	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 8d94739d75c6..8cbc07c1903e 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #define	EDOTDOT		66	/* RFS specific error */
 #define	EBADMSG		67	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EUSERS		68	/* Too many users */
 #define	EDQUOT		69	/* Quota exceeded */
 #define	ESTALE		70	/* Stale file handle */
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 #define	ERESTART	175	/* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
 #define	ESTRPIPE	176	/* Streams pipe error */
 #define	EUCLEAN		177	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		178	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		179	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		180	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 81a732b902ee..4a41e7835fd5 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #define	ENOSR		74	/* Out of streams resources */
 #define	ENOMSG		75	/* No message of desired type */
 #define	EBADMSG		76	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EIDRM		77	/* Identifier removed */
 #define	EDEADLK		78	/* Resource deadlock would occur */
 #define	ENOLCK		79	/* No record locks available */
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
 #define	ENOTUNIQ	115	/* Name not unique on network */
 #define	ERESTART	116	/* Interrupted syscall should be restarted */
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/fs/Makefile b/fs/Makefile
index a04274a3c854..f238cc5ea2e9 100644
--- a/fs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/Makefile
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ obj-y :=	open.o read_write.o file_table.o super.o \
 		stack.o fs_struct.o statfs.o fs_pin.o nsfs.o \
 		fs_dirent.o fs_context.o fs_parser.o fsopen.o init.o \
 		kernel_read_file.o mnt_idmapping.o remap_range.o pidfs.o \
-		file_attr.o
+		file_attr.o fserror.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD)	+= buffer.o mpage.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS)		+= proc_namespace.o
diff --git a/fs/erofs/internal.h b/fs/erofs/internal.h
index f7f622836198..d06e99baf5d5 100644
--- a/fs/erofs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/erofs/internal.h
@@ -541,6 +541,4 @@ long erofs_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
 long erofs_compat_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
 			unsigned long arg);
 
-#define EFSCORRUPTED    EUCLEAN         /* Filesystem is corrupted */
-
 #endif	/* __EROFS_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/fs/ext2/ext2.h b/fs/ext2/ext2.h
index cf97b76e9fd3..5e0c6c5fcb6c 100644
--- a/fs/ext2/ext2.h
+++ b/fs/ext2/ext2.h
@@ -357,7 +357,6 @@ struct ext2_inode {
  */
 #define	EXT2_VALID_FS			0x0001	/* Unmounted cleanly */
 #define	EXT2_ERROR_FS			0x0002	/* Errors detected */
-#define	EFSCORRUPTED			EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 
 /*
  * Mount flags
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4.h b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
index 56112f201cac..62c091b52bac 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
@@ -3938,7 +3938,4 @@ extern int ext4_block_write_begin(handle_t *handle, struct folio *folio,
 				  get_block_t *get_block);
 #endif	/* __KERNEL__ */
 
-#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG		/* Bad CRC detected */
-#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN		/* Filesystem is corrupted */
-
 #endif	/* _EXT4_H */
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
index 7ce0fc40aec2..ea26cd03d3ce 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/ioctl.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <linux/fsmap.h>
 #include "fsmap.h"
 #include <trace/events/ext4.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 
 typedef void ext4_update_sb_callback(struct ext4_sb_info *sbi,
 				     struct ext4_super_block *es,
@@ -844,6 +845,7 @@ int ext4_force_shutdown(struct super_block *sb, u32 flags)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	clear_opt(sb, DISCARD);
+	fserror_report_shutdown(sb, GFP_KERNEL);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/ext4/super.c b/fs/ext4/super.c
index 87205660c5d0..a6241ffb8639 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/super.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/super.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include <linux/fsnotify.h>
 #include <linux/fs_context.h>
 #include <linux/fs_parser.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 
 #include "ext4.h"
 #include "ext4_extents.h"	/* Needed for trace points definition */
@@ -824,7 +825,8 @@ void __ext4_error(struct super_block *sb, const char *function,
 		       sb->s_id, function, line, current->comm, &vaf);
 		va_end(args);
 	}
-	fsnotify_sb_error(sb, NULL, error ? error : EFSCORRUPTED);
+	fserror_report_metadata(sb, error ? -abs(error) : -EFSCORRUPTED,
+				GFP_ATOMIC);
 
 	ext4_handle_error(sb, force_ro, error, 0, block, function, line);
 }
@@ -856,7 +858,9 @@ void __ext4_error_inode(struct inode *inode, const char *function,
 			       current->comm, &vaf);
 		va_end(args);
 	}
-	fsnotify_sb_error(inode->i_sb, inode, error ? error : EFSCORRUPTED);
+	fserror_report_file_metadata(inode,
+				     error ? -abs(error) : -EFSCORRUPTED,
+				     GFP_ATOMIC);
 
 	ext4_handle_error(inode->i_sb, false, error, inode->i_ino, block,
 			  function, line);
@@ -896,7 +900,7 @@ void __ext4_error_file(struct file *file, const char *function,
 			       current->comm, path, &vaf);
 		va_end(args);
 	}
-	fsnotify_sb_error(inode->i_sb, inode, EFSCORRUPTED);
+	fserror_report_file_metadata(inode, -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_ATOMIC);
 
 	ext4_handle_error(inode->i_sb, false, EFSCORRUPTED, inode->i_ino, block,
 			  function, line);
@@ -965,7 +969,8 @@ void __ext4_std_error(struct super_block *sb, const char *function,
 		printk(KERN_CRIT "EXT4-fs error (device %s) in %s:%d: %s\n",
 		       sb->s_id, function, line, errstr);
 	}
-	fsnotify_sb_error(sb, NULL, errno ? errno : EFSCORRUPTED);
+	fserror_report_metadata(sb, errno ? -abs(errno) : -EFSCORRUPTED,
+				GFP_ATOMIC);
 
 	ext4_handle_error(sb, false, -errno, 0, 0, function, line);
 }
diff --git a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
index 20edbb99b814..9f3aa3c7f126 100644
--- a/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
+++ b/fs/f2fs/f2fs.h
@@ -5004,7 +5004,4 @@ static inline void f2fs_invalidate_internal_cache(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
 	f2fs_invalidate_compress_pages_range(sbi, blkaddr, len);
 }
 
-#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG		/* Bad CRC detected */
-#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN		/* Filesystem is corrupted */
-
 #endif /* _LINUX_F2FS_H */
diff --git a/fs/fserror.c b/fs/fserror.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06ca86adab9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/fserror.c
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
+ */
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
+#include <linux/mempool.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
+
+#define FSERROR_DEFAULT_EVENT_POOL_SIZE		(32)
+
+static struct mempool fserror_events_pool;
+
+void fserror_mount(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The pending error counter is biased by 1 so that we don't wake_var
+	 * until we're actually trying to unmount.
+	 */
+	refcount_set(&sb->s_pending_errors, 1);
+}
+
+void fserror_unmount(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If we don't drop the pending error count to zero, then wait for it
+	 * to drop below 1, which means that the pending errors cleared and
+	 * hopefully we didn't saturate with 1 billion+ concurrent events.
+	 */
+	if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&sb->s_pending_errors))
+		wait_var_event(&sb->s_pending_errors,
+			       refcount_read(&sb->s_pending_errors) < 1);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_pending_dec(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&sb->s_pending_errors))
+		wake_up_var(&sb->s_pending_errors);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_free_event(struct fserror_event *event)
+{
+	fserror_pending_dec(event->sb);
+	mempool_free(event, &fserror_events_pool);
+}
+
+static void fserror_worker(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct fserror_event *event =
+			container_of(work, struct fserror_event, work);
+	struct super_block *sb = event->sb;
+
+	if (sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE) {
+		struct fs_error_report report = {
+			/* send positive error number to userspace */
+			.error = -event->error,
+			.inode = event->inode,
+			.sb = event->sb,
+		};
+
+		if (sb->s_op->report_error)
+			sb->s_op->report_error(event);
+
+		fsnotify(FS_ERROR, &report, FSNOTIFY_EVENT_ERROR, NULL, NULL,
+			 NULL, 0);
+	}
+
+	iput(event->inode);
+	fserror_free_event(event);
+}
+
+static inline struct fserror_event *fserror_alloc_event(struct super_block *sb,
+							gfp_t gfp_flags)
+{
+	struct fserror_event *event = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If pending_errors already reached zero or is no longer active,
+	 * the superblock is being deactivated so there's no point in
+	 * continuing.
+	 *
+	 * The order of the check of s_pending_errors and SB_ACTIVE are
+	 * mandated by order of accesses in generic_shutdown_super and
+	 * fserror_unmount.  Barriers are implicitly provided by the refcount
+	 * manipulations in this function and fserror_unmount.
+	 */
+	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&sb->s_pending_errors))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE))
+		goto out_pending;
+
+	event = mempool_alloc(&fserror_events_pool, gfp_flags);
+	if (!event)
+		goto out_pending;
+
+	/* mempool_alloc doesn't support GFP_ZERO */
+	memset(event, 0, sizeof(*event));
+	event->sb = sb;
+	INIT_WORK(&event->work, fserror_worker);
+
+	return event;
+
+out_pending:
+	fserror_pending_dec(sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * fserror_report - report a filesystem error of some kind
+ *
+ * @sb:		superblock of the filesystem
+ * @inode:	inode within that filesystem, if applicable
+ * @type:	type of error encountered
+ * @pos:	start of inode range affected, if applicable
+ * @len:	length of inode range affected, if applicable
+ * @error:	error number encountered, must be negative
+ * @gfp:	memory allocation flags for conveying the event to a worker,
+ *		since this function can be called from atomic contexts
+ *
+ * Report details of a filesystem error to the super_operations::report_error
+ * callback if present; and to fsnotify for distribution to userspace.  @sb,
+ * @gfp, @type, and @error must all be specified.  For file I/O errors, the
+ * @inode, @pos, and @len fields must also be specified.  For file metadata
+ * errors, @inode must be specified.  If @inode is not NULL, then @inode->i_sb
+ * must point to @sb.
+ *
+ * Reporting work is deferred to a workqueue to ensure that ->report_error is
+ * called from process context without any locks held.  An active reference to
+ * the inode is maintained until event handling is complete, and unmount will
+ * wait for queued events to drain.
+ */
+void fserror_report(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *inode,
+		    enum fserror_type type, loff_t pos, u64 len, int error,
+		    gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	struct fserror_event *event;
+
+	/* sb and inode must be from the same filesystem */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(inode && inode->i_sb != sb);
+
+	/* error number must be negative */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(error >= 0);
+
+	event = fserror_alloc_event(sb, gfp);
+	if (!event)
+		goto lost;
+
+	event->type = type;
+	event->pos = pos;
+	event->len = len;
+	event->error = error;
+
+	/*
+	 * Can't iput from non-sleeping context, so grabbing another reference
+	 * to the inode must be the last thing before submitting the event.
+	 */
+	if (inode) {
+		event->inode = igrab(inode);
+		if (!event->inode)
+			goto lost_event;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Use schedule_work here even if we're already in process context so
+	 * that fsnotify and super_operations::report_error implementations are
+	 * guaranteed to run in process context without any locks held.  Since
+	 * errors are supposed to be rare, the overhead shouldn't kill us any
+	 * more than the failing device will.
+	 */
+	schedule_work(&event->work);
+	return;
+
+lost_event:
+	fserror_free_event(event);
+lost:
+	if (inode)
+		pr_err_ratelimited(
+ "%s: lost file I/O error report for ino %lu type %u pos 0x%llx len 0x%llx error %d",
+		       sb->s_id, inode->i_ino, type, pos, len, error);
+	else
+		pr_err_ratelimited(
+ "%s: lost filesystem error report for type %u error %d",
+		       sb->s_id, type, error);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fserror_report);
+
+static int __init fserror_init(void)
+{
+	return mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&fserror_events_pool,
+					 FSERROR_DEFAULT_EVENT_POOL_SIZE,
+					 sizeof(struct fserror_event));
+}
+fs_initcall(fserror_init);
diff --git a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
index e5c1ca440d93..b21e989b9fa5 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/buffered-io.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <linux/writeback.h>
 #include <linux/swap.h>
 #include <linux/migrate.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
@@ -371,8 +372,11 @@ static int iomap_read_inline_data(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 	if (folio_test_uptodate(folio))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > iomap->length))
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(size > iomap->length)) {
+		fserror_report_io(iter->inode, FSERR_BUFFERED_READ,
+				  iomap->offset, size, -EIO, GFP_NOFS);
 		return -EIO;
+	}
 	if (offset > 0)
 		ifs_alloc(iter->inode, folio, iter->flags);
 
@@ -399,6 +403,11 @@ void iomap_finish_folio_read(struct folio *folio, size_t off, size_t len,
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ifs->state_lock, flags);
 	}
 
+	if (error)
+		fserror_report_io(folio->mapping->host, FSERR_BUFFERED_READ,
+				  folio_pos(folio) + off, len, error,
+				  GFP_ATOMIC);
+
 	if (finished)
 		folio_end_read(folio, uptodate);
 }
@@ -540,6 +549,10 @@ static int iomap_read_folio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter,
 			if (!*bytes_submitted)
 				iomap_read_init(folio);
 			ret = ctx->ops->read_folio_range(iter, ctx, plen);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				fserror_report_io(iter->inode,
+						  FSERR_BUFFERED_READ, pos,
+						  plen, ret, GFP_NOFS);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 			*bytes_submitted += plen;
@@ -815,6 +828,10 @@ static int __iomap_write_begin(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 			else
 				status = iomap_bio_read_folio_range_sync(iter,
 						folio, block_start, plen);
+			if (status < 0)
+				fserror_report_io(iter->inode,
+						  FSERR_BUFFERED_READ, pos,
+						  len, status, GFP_NOFS);
 			if (status)
 				return status;
 		}
@@ -1805,6 +1822,7 @@ int iomap_writeback_folio(struct iomap_writepage_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio)
 	u64 pos = folio_pos(folio);
 	u64 end_pos = pos + folio_size(folio);
 	u64 end_aligned = 0;
+	loff_t orig_pos = pos;
 	size_t bytes_submitted = 0;
 	int error = 0;
 	u32 rlen;
@@ -1848,6 +1866,9 @@ int iomap_writeback_folio(struct iomap_writepage_ctx *wpc, struct folio *folio)
 
 	if (bytes_submitted)
 		wpc->nr_folios++;
+	if (error && pos > orig_pos)
+		fserror_report_io(inode, FSERR_BUFFERED_WRITE, orig_pos, 0,
+				  error, GFP_NOFS);
 
 	/*
 	 * We can have dirty bits set past end of file in page_mkwrite path
diff --git a/fs/iomap/direct-io.c b/fs/iomap/direct-io.c
index 8e273408453a..a06c73eaa890 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/direct-io.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/direct-io.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 #include <linux/iomap.h>
 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
@@ -78,6 +79,13 @@ static void iomap_dio_submit_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
 	}
 }
 
+static inline enum fserror_type iomap_dio_err_type(const struct iomap_dio *dio)
+{
+	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE)
+		return FSERR_DIRECTIO_WRITE;
+	return FSERR_DIRECTIO_READ;
+}
+
 ssize_t iomap_dio_complete(struct iomap_dio *dio)
 {
 	const struct iomap_dio_ops *dops = dio->dops;
@@ -87,6 +95,10 @@ ssize_t iomap_dio_complete(struct iomap_dio *dio)
 
 	if (dops && dops->end_io)
 		ret = dops->end_io(iocb, dio->size, ret, dio->flags);
+	if (dio->error)
+		fserror_report_io(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp),
+				  iomap_dio_err_type(dio), offset, dio->size,
+				  dio->error, GFP_NOFS);
 
 	if (likely(!ret)) {
 		ret = dio->size;
diff --git a/fs/iomap/ioend.c b/fs/iomap/ioend.c
index 86f44922ed3b..5b27ee988967 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/ioend.c
+++ b/fs/iomap/ioend.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <linux/list_sort.h>
 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 #include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@ static u32 iomap_finish_ioend_buffered(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
 
 	/* walk all folios in bio, ending page IO on them */
 	bio_for_each_folio_all(fi, bio) {
+		if (ioend->io_error)
+			fserror_report_io(inode, FSERR_BUFFERED_WRITE,
+					  folio_pos(fi.folio) + fi.offset,
+					  fi.length, ioend->io_error,
+					  GFP_ATOMIC);
 		iomap_finish_folio_write(inode, fi.folio, fi.length);
 		folio_count++;
 	}
diff --git a/fs/minix/minix.h b/fs/minix/minix.h
index 2bfaf377f208..7e1f652f16d3 100644
--- a/fs/minix/minix.h
+++ b/fs/minix/minix.h
@@ -175,6 +175,4 @@ static inline int minix_test_bit(int nr, const void *vaddr)
 	__minix_error_inode((inode), __func__, __LINE__,	\
 			    (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN		/* Filesystem is corrupted */
-
 #endif /* FS_MINIX_H */
diff --git a/fs/super.c b/fs/super.c
index 3d85265d1400..b13c1fd6a6f4 100644
--- a/fs/super.c
+++ b/fs/super.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
 #include <linux/user_namespace.h>
 #include <linux/fs_context.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 #include <uapi/linux/mount.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
@@ -363,6 +364,7 @@ static struct super_block *alloc_super(struct file_system_type *type, int flags,
 	spin_lock_init(&s->s_inode_list_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->s_inodes_wb);
 	spin_lock_init(&s->s_inode_wblist_lock);
+	fserror_mount(s);
 
 	s->s_count = 1;
 	atomic_set(&s->s_active, 1);
@@ -622,6 +624,7 @@ void generic_shutdown_super(struct super_block *sb)
 		sync_filesystem(sb);
 		sb->s_flags &= ~SB_ACTIVE;
 
+		fserror_unmount(sb);
 		cgroup_writeback_umount(sb);
 
 		/* Evict all inodes with zero refcount. */
diff --git a/fs/udf/udf_sb.h b/fs/udf/udf_sb.h
index 08ec8756b948..8399accc788d 100644
--- a/fs/udf/udf_sb.h
+++ b/fs/udf/udf_sb.h
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@
 #define MF_DUPLICATE_MD		0x01
 #define MF_MIRROR_FE_LOADED	0x02
 
-#define EFSCORRUPTED EUCLEAN
-
 struct udf_meta_data {
 	__u32	s_meta_file_loc;
 	__u32	s_mirror_file_loc;
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
index 0ada73569394..b7c21f68edc7 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_fsops.c
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include "xfs_rtrefcount_btree.h"
 #include "xfs_metafile.h"
 
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
+
 /*
  * Write new AG headers to disk. Non-transactional, but need to be
  * written and completed prior to the growfs transaction being logged.
@@ -540,6 +542,8 @@ xfs_do_force_shutdown(
 		"Please unmount the filesystem and rectify the problem(s)");
 	if (xfs_error_level >= XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH)
 		xfs_stack_trace();
+
+	fserror_report_shutdown(mp->m_super, GFP_KERNEL);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_health.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_health.c
index 3c1557fb1cf0..fbb8886c72fe 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_health.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_health.c
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include "xfs_quota_defs.h"
 #include "xfs_rtgroup.h"
 
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
+
 static void
 xfs_health_unmount_group(
 	struct xfs_group	*xg,
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ xfs_fs_mark_sick(
 	spin_lock(&mp->m_sb_lock);
 	mp->m_fs_sick |= mask;
 	spin_unlock(&mp->m_sb_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_metadata(mp->m_super, -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /* Mark per-fs metadata as having been checked and found unhealthy by fsck. */
@@ -126,6 +130,8 @@ xfs_fs_mark_corrupt(
 	mp->m_fs_sick |= mask;
 	mp->m_fs_checked |= mask;
 	spin_unlock(&mp->m_sb_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_metadata(mp->m_super, -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /* Mark a per-fs metadata healed. */
@@ -198,6 +204,8 @@ xfs_group_mark_sick(
 	spin_lock(&xg->xg_state_lock);
 	xg->xg_sick |= mask;
 	spin_unlock(&xg->xg_state_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_metadata(xg->xg_mount->m_super, -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -215,6 +223,8 @@ xfs_group_mark_corrupt(
 	xg->xg_sick |= mask;
 	xg->xg_checked |= mask;
 	spin_unlock(&xg->xg_state_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_metadata(xg->xg_mount->m_super, -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -287,6 +297,8 @@ xfs_inode_mark_sick(
 	spin_lock(&VFS_I(ip)->i_lock);
 	inode_state_clear(VFS_I(ip), I_DONTCACHE);
 	spin_unlock(&VFS_I(ip)->i_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_file_metadata(VFS_I(ip), -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /* Mark inode metadata as having been checked and found unhealthy by fsck. */
@@ -311,6 +323,8 @@ xfs_inode_mark_corrupt(
 	spin_lock(&VFS_I(ip)->i_lock);
 	inode_state_clear(VFS_I(ip), I_DONTCACHE);
 	spin_unlock(&VFS_I(ip)->i_lock);
+
+	fserror_report_file_metadata(VFS_I(ip), -EFSCORRUPTED, GFP_NOFS);
 }
 
 /* Mark parts of an inode healed. */
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_linux.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_linux.h
index 4dd747bdbcca..55064228c4d5 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_linux.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_linux.h
@@ -121,8 +121,6 @@ typedef __u32			xfs_nlink_t;
 
 #define ENOATTR		ENODATA		/* Attribute not found */
 #define EWRONGFS	EINVAL		/* Mount with wrong filesystem type */
-#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN		/* Filesystem is corrupted */
-#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG		/* Bad CRC detected */
 
 #define __return_address __builtin_return_address(0)
 
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_notify_failure.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_notify_failure.c
index b17672889942..6d5002413c2c 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_notify_failure.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_notify_failure.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/dax.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/fserror.h>
 
 struct xfs_failure_info {
 	xfs_agblock_t		startblock;
@@ -116,6 +117,9 @@ xfs_dax_failure_fn(
 		invalidate_inode_pages2_range(mapping, pgoff,
 					      pgoff + pgcnt - 1);
 
+	fserror_report_data_lost(VFS_I(ip), (u64)pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT,
+			(u64)pgcnt << PAGE_SHIFT, GFP_NOFS);
+
 	xfs_irele(ip);
 	return error;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/fs/super_types.h b/include/linux/fs/super_types.h
index 6bd3009e09b3..97a8552d8f2b 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs/super_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs/super_types.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct user_namespace;
 struct workqueue_struct;
 struct writeback_control;
 struct xattr_handler;
+struct fserror_event;
 
 extern struct super_block *blockdev_superblock;
 
@@ -124,6 +125,9 @@ struct super_operations {
 	 */
 	int (*remove_bdev)(struct super_block *sb, struct block_device *bdev);
 	void (*shutdown)(struct super_block *sb);
+
+	/* Report a filesystem error */
+	void (*report_error)(const struct fserror_event *event);
 };
 
 struct super_block {
@@ -268,6 +272,9 @@ struct super_block {
 	spinlock_t				s_inode_wblist_lock;
 	struct list_head			s_inodes_wb;	/* writeback inodes */
 	long					s_min_writeback_pages;
+
+	/* number of fserrors that are being sent to fsnotify/filesystems */
+	refcount_t				s_pending_errors;
 } __randomize_layout;
 
 /*
diff --git a/include/linux/fserror.h b/include/linux/fserror.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5e1ad78c346e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/fserror.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * Author: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_FSERROR_H__
+#define _LINUX_FSERROR_H__
+
+void fserror_mount(struct super_block *sb);
+void fserror_unmount(struct super_block *sb);
+
+enum fserror_type {
+	/* pagecache I/O failed */
+	FSERR_BUFFERED_READ,
+	FSERR_BUFFERED_WRITE,
+
+	/* direct I/O failed */
+	FSERR_DIRECTIO_READ,
+	FSERR_DIRECTIO_WRITE,
+
+	/* out of band media error reported */
+	FSERR_DATA_LOST,
+
+	/* filesystem metadata */
+	FSERR_METADATA,
+};
+
+struct fserror_event {
+	struct work_struct work;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	loff_t pos;
+	u64 len;
+	enum fserror_type type;
+
+	/* negative error number */
+	int error;
+};
+
+void fserror_report(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *inode,
+		    enum fserror_type type, loff_t pos, u64 len, int error,
+		    gfp_t gfp);
+
+static inline void fserror_report_io(struct inode *inode,
+				     enum fserror_type type, loff_t pos,
+				     u64 len, int error, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	fserror_report(inode->i_sb, inode, type, pos, len, error, gfp);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_report_data_lost(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos,
+					    u64 len, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	fserror_report(inode->i_sb, inode, FSERR_DATA_LOST, pos, len, -EIO,
+		       gfp);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_report_file_metadata(struct inode *inode, int error,
+						gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	fserror_report(inode->i_sb, inode, FSERR_METADATA, 0, 0, error, gfp);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_report_metadata(struct super_block *sb, int error,
+					   gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	fserror_report(sb, NULL, FSERR_METADATA, 0, 0, error, gfp);
+}
+
+static inline void fserror_report_shutdown(struct super_block *sb, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	fserror_report(sb, NULL, FSERR_METADATA, 0, 0, -ESHUTDOWN, gfp);
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_FSERROR_H__ */
diff --git a/include/linux/jbd2.h b/include/linux/jbd2.h
index f5eaf76198f3..a53a00d36228 100644
--- a/include/linux/jbd2.h
+++ b/include/linux/jbd2.h
@@ -1815,7 +1815,4 @@ static inline int jbd2_handle_buffer_credits(handle_t *handle)
 
 #endif	/* __KERNEL__ */
 
-#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG		/* Bad CRC detected */
-#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN		/* Filesystem is corrupted */
-
 #endif	/* _LINUX_JBD2_H */
diff --git a/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h b/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
index cf9c51ac49f9..92e7ae493ee3 100644
--- a/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
+++ b/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #define	EMULTIHOP	72	/* Multihop attempted */
 #define	EDOTDOT		73	/* RFS specific error */
 #define	EBADMSG		74	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EOVERFLOW	75	/* Value too large for defined data type */
 #define	ENOTUNIQ	76	/* Name not unique on network */
 #define	EBADFD		77	/* File descriptor in bad state */
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@
 #define	EINPROGRESS	115	/* Operation now in progress */
 #define	ESTALE		116	/* Stale file handle */
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/tools/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/tools/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 3d265f6babaf..6791f6508632 100644
--- a/tools/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/tools/arch/alpha/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #define	ENOSR		82	/* Out of streams resources */
 #define	ETIME		83	/* Timer expired */
 #define	EBADMSG		84	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EPROTO		85	/* Protocol error */
 #define	ENODATA		86	/* No data available */
 #define	ENOSTR		87	/* Device not a stream */
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
 #define	EREMCHG		115	/* Remote address changed */
 
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/tools/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/tools/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 2fb714e2d6d8..c01ed91b1ef4 100644
--- a/tools/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/tools/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #define EDOTDOT		73	/* RFS specific error */
 #define EMULTIHOP	74	/* Multihop attempted */
 #define EBADMSG		77	/* Not a data message */
+#define EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define ENAMETOOLONG	78	/* File name too long */
 #define EOVERFLOW	79	/* Value too large for defined data type */
 #define ENOTUNIQ	80	/* Name not unique on network */
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 #define EISCONN		133	/* Transport endpoint is already connected */
 #define ENOTCONN	134	/* Transport endpoint is not connected */
 #define EUCLEAN		135	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define ENOTNAM		137	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define ENAVAIL		138	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define EISNAM		139	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/tools/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/tools/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 8d94739d75c6..8cbc07c1903e 100644
--- a/tools/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/tools/arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #define	EDOTDOT		66	/* RFS specific error */
 #define	EBADMSG		67	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EUSERS		68	/* Too many users */
 #define	EDQUOT		69	/* Quota exceeded */
 #define	ESTALE		70	/* Stale file handle */
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 #define	ERESTART	175	/* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
 #define	ESTRPIPE	176	/* Streams pipe error */
 #define	EUCLEAN		177	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		178	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		179	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		180	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/tools/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h b/tools/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
index 81a732b902ee..4a41e7835fd5 100644
--- a/tools/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
+++ b/tools/arch/sparc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #define	ENOSR		74	/* Out of streams resources */
 #define	ENOMSG		75	/* No message of desired type */
 #define	EBADMSG		76	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EIDRM		77	/* Identifier removed */
 #define	EDEADLK		78	/* Resource deadlock would occur */
 #define	ENOLCK		79	/* No record locks available */
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
 #define	ENOTUNIQ	115	/* Name not unique on network */
 #define	ERESTART	116	/* Interrupted syscall should be restarted */
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h b/tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
index cf9c51ac49f9..92e7ae493ee3 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #define	EMULTIHOP	72	/* Multihop attempted */
 #define	EDOTDOT		73	/* RFS specific error */
 #define	EBADMSG		74	/* Not a data message */
+#define	EFSBADCRC	EBADMSG	/* Bad CRC detected */
 #define	EOVERFLOW	75	/* Value too large for defined data type */
 #define	ENOTUNIQ	76	/* Name not unique on network */
 #define	EBADFD		77	/* File descriptor in bad state */
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@
 #define	EINPROGRESS	115	/* Operation now in progress */
 #define	ESTALE		116	/* Stale file handle */
 #define	EUCLEAN		117	/* Structure needs cleaning */
+#define	EFSCORRUPTED	EUCLEAN	/* Filesystem is corrupted */
 #define	ENOTNAM		118	/* Not a XENIX named type file */
 #define	ENAVAIL		119	/* No XENIX semaphores available */
 #define	EISNAM		120	/* Is a named type file */