x86/microcode/intel: Implement staging handler

Previously, per-package staging invocations and their associated state
data were established. The next step is to implement the actual staging
handler according to the specified protocol. Below are key aspects to
note:

  (a)  Each staging process must begin by resetting the staging hardware.

  (b)  The staging hardware processes up to a page-sized chunk of the
       microcode image per iteration, requiring software to submit data
       incrementally.

  (c)  Once a data chunk is processed, the hardware responds with an
       offset in the image for the next chunk.

  (d)  The offset may indicate completion or request retransmission of an
       already transferred chunk. As long as the total transferred data
       remains within the predefined limit (twice the image size),
       retransmissions should be acceptable.

Incorporate them in the handler, while data transmission and mailbox
format handling are implemented separately.

  [ bp: Sort the headers in a reversed name-length order. ]

Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Tested-by: Anselm Busse <abusse@amazon.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250320234104.8288-1-chang.seok.bae@intel.com

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