[PATCH] infrastructure for monitoring queue congestion state

The patch provides a means for the VM to be able to determine whether a
request queue is in a "congested" state.  If it is congested, then a
write to (or read from) the queue may cause blockage in
get_request_wait().

So the VM can do:

	if (!bdi_write_congested(page->mapping->backing_dev_info))
		writepage(page);

This is not exact.  The code assumes that if the request queue still
has 1/4 of its capacity (queue_nr_requests) available then a request
will be non-blocking.  There is a small chance that another CPU could
zoom in and consume those requests.  But on the rare occasions where
that may happen the result will mereley be some unexpected latency -
it's not worth doing anything elaborate to prevent this.

The patch decreases the size of `batch_requests'.  batch_requests is
positively harmful - when a "heavy" writer and a "light" writer are
both writing to the same queue, batch_requests provides a means for the
heavy writer to massively stall the light writer.  Instead of waiting
for one or two requests to come free, the light writer has to wait for
32 requests to complete.

Plus batch_requests generally makes things harder to tune, understand
and predict.  I wanted to kill it altogether, but Jens says that it is
important for some hardware - it allows decent size requests to be
submitted.

The VM changes which go along with this code cause batch_requests to be
not so painful anyway - the only processes which sleep in
get_request_wait() are the ones which we elect, by design, to wait in
there - typically heavy writers.


The patch changes the meaning of `queue_nr_requests'.  It used to mean
"total number of requests per queue".  Half of these are for reads, and
half are for writes.  This always confused the heck out of me, and the
code needs to divide queue_nr_requests by two all over the place.

So queue_nr_requests now means "the number of write requests per queue"
and "the number of read requests per queue".  ie: I halved it.

Also, queue_nr_requests was converted to static scope.  Nothing else
uses it.


The accuracy of bdi_read_congested() and bdi_write_congested() depends
upon the accuracy of mapping->backing_dev_info.  With complex block
stacking arrangements it is possible that ->backing_dev_info is
pointing at the wrong queue.  I don't know.

But the cost of getting this wrong is merely latency, and if it is a
problem we can fix it up in the block layer, by getting stacking
devices to communicate their congestion state upwards in some manner.

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