py/formatfloat: Improve accuracy of float formatting code.

Following discussions in PR #16666, this commit updates the float
formatting code to improve the `repr` reversibility, i.e. the percentage of
valid floating point numbers that do parse back to the same number when
formatted by `repr` (in CPython it's 100%).

This new code offers a choice of 3 float conversion methods, depending on
the desired tradeoff between code size and conversion precision:

- BASIC method is the smallest code footprint

- APPROX method uses an iterative method to approximate the exact
  representation, which is a bit slower but but does not have a big impact
  on code size.  It provides `repr` reversibility on >99.8% of the cases in
  double precision, and on >98.5% in single precision (except with REPR_C,
  where reversibility is 100% as the last two bits are not taken into
  account).

- EXACT method uses higher-precision floats during conversion, which
  provides perfect results but has a higher impact on code size.  It is
  faster than APPROX method, and faster than the CPython equivalent
  implementation.  It is however not available on all compilers when using
  FLOAT_IMPL_DOUBLE.

Here is the table comparing the impact of the three conversion methods on
code footprint on PYBV10 (using single-precision floats) and reversibility
rate for both single-precision and double-precision floats.  The table
includes current situation as a baseline for the comparison:

              PYBV10  REPR_C   FLOAT  DOUBLE
    current = 364688   12.9%   27.6%   37.9%
    basic   = 364812   85.6%   60.5%   85.7%
    approx  = 365080  100.0%   98.5%   99.8%
    exact   = 366408  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%

Signed-off-by: Yoctopuce dev <dev@yoctopuce.com>

1 files changed, 9 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/py/mpprint.c b/py/mpprint.c
index f1d8bd0c5..bd7a25087 100644
--- a/py/mpprint.c
+++ b/py/mpprint.c
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ int mp_print_mp_int(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t x, unsigned int base, int
 
 #if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
 int mp_print_float(const mp_print_t *print, mp_float_t f, char fmt, unsigned int flags, char fill, int width, int prec) {
-    char buf[32];
+    char buf[36];
     char sign = '\0';
     int chrs = 0;
 
@@ -349,11 +349,17 @@ int mp_print_float(const mp_print_t *print, mp_float_t f, char fmt, unsigned int
         sign = ' ';
     }
 
-    int len = mp_format_float(f, buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, prec, sign);
+    int len = mp_format_float(f, buf, sizeof(buf) - 3, fmt, prec, sign);
 
     char *s = buf;
 
-    if ((flags & PF_FLAG_ADD_PERCENT) && (size_t)(len + 1) < sizeof(buf)) {
+    if ((flags & PF_FLAG_ALWAYS_DECIMAL) && strchr(buf, '.') == NULL && strchr(buf, 'e') == NULL && strchr(buf, 'n') == NULL) {
+        buf[len++] = '.';
+        buf[len++] = '0';
+        buf[len] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_ADD_PERCENT) {
         buf[len++] = '%';
         buf[len] = '\0';
     }