py/objexcept: Support errno attribute on OSError exceptions.

This commit adds the errno attribute to exceptions, so code can retrieve
errno codes from an OSError using exc.errno.

The implementation here simply lets `errno` (and the existing `value`)
attributes work on any exception instance (they both alias args[0]).  This
is for efficiency and to keep code size down.  The pros and cons of this
are:

Pros:
- more compatible with CPython, less difference to document and learn
- OSError().errno will correctly return None, whereas the current way of
  doing it via OSError().args[0] will raise an IndexError
- it reduces code size on most bare-metal ports (because they already have
  the errno qstr)
- for Python code that uses exc.errno the generated bytecode is 2 bytes
  smaller and more efficient to execute (compared with exc.args[0]); so
  bytecode loaded to RAM saves 2 bytes RAM for each use of this attribute,
  and bytecode that is frozen saves 2 bytes flash/ROM for each use
- it's easier/shorter to type, and saves 2 bytes of space in .py files that
  use it (for each use)

Cons:
- increases code size by 4-8 bytes on minimal ports that don't already have
  the `errno` qstr
- all exceptions now have .errno and .value attributes (a cpydiff test is
  added to address this)

See also #2407.

Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/py/objexcept.c b/py/objexcept.c
index 885032c3e..f6bffec38 100644
--- a/py/objexcept.c
+++ b/py/objexcept.c
@@ -261,7 +261,9 @@ void mp_obj_exception_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t *dest) {
     if (attr == MP_QSTR_args) {
         decompress_error_text_maybe(self);
         dest[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self->args);
-    } else if (self->base.type == &mp_type_StopIteration && attr == MP_QSTR_value) {
+    } else if (attr == MP_QSTR_value || attr == MP_QSTR_errno) {
+        // These are aliases for args[0]: .value for StopIteration and .errno for OSError.
+        // For efficiency let these attributes apply to all exception instances.
         dest[0] = mp_obj_exception_get_value(self_in);
     }
 }