Doc: clarify n_distinct_inherited setting

There was some confusion around how to adjust the n_distinct estimates
for partitioned tables.  Here we try and clarify that
n_distinct_inherited needs to be adjusted rather than n_distinct.

Also fix some slightly misleading text which was talking about table
size rather than table rows, fix a grammatical error, and adjust some
text which indicated that ANALYZE was performing calculations based on
the n_distinct settings.  Really it's the query planner that does this
and ANALYZE only stores the overridden n_distinct estimate value in
pg_statistic.

Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Backpatch-through: 13
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrL7a-ZytM1SP8Uk9nEw9bR2CPzVb+uP+bcNj=_q-ZmVw@mail.gmail.com

1 files changed, 16 insertions, 18 deletions

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
index 8867da6c693..bea9f90138b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml
@@ -376,24 +376,22 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
       <literal>n_distinct_inherited</literal>, which override the
       number-of-distinct-values estimates made by subsequent
       <link linkend="sql-analyze"><command>ANALYZE</command></link>
-      operations.  <literal>n_distinct</literal> affects the statistics for the table
-      itself, while <literal>n_distinct_inherited</literal> affects the statistics
-      gathered for the table plus its inheritance children.  When set to a
-      positive value, <command>ANALYZE</command> will assume that the column contains
-      exactly the specified number of distinct nonnull values.  When set to a
-      negative value, which must be greater
-      than or equal to -1, <command>ANALYZE</command> will assume that the number of
-      distinct nonnull values in the column is linear in the size of the
-      table; the exact count is to be computed by multiplying the estimated
-      table size by the absolute value of the given number.  For example,
-      a value of -1 implies that all values in the column are distinct, while
-      a value of -0.5 implies that each value appears twice on the average.
-      This can be useful when the size of the table changes over time, since
-      the multiplication by the number of rows in the table is not performed
-      until query planning time.  Specify a value of 0 to revert to estimating
-      the number of distinct values normally.  For more information on the use
-      of statistics by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> query
-      planner, refer to <xref linkend="planner-stats"/>.
+      operations. <literal>n_distinct</literal> affects the statistics for the
+      table itself, while <literal>n_distinct_inherited</literal> affects the
+      statistics gathered for the table plus its inheritance children, and for
+      the statistics gathered for partitioned tables.  When the value
+      specified is a positive value, the query planner will assume that the
+      column contains exactly the specified number of distinct nonnull values.
+      Fractional values may also be specified by using values below 0 and
+      above or equal to -1.  This instructs the query planner to estimate the
+      number of distinct values by multiplying the absolute value of the
+      specified number by the estimated number of rows in the table.  For
+      example, a value of -1 implies that all values in the column are
+      distinct, while a value of -0.5 implies that each value appears twice on
+      average.  This can be useful when the size of the table changes over
+      time.  For more information on the use of statistics by the
+      <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> query planner, refer to
+      <xref linkend="planner-stats"/>.
      </para>
      <para>
       Changing per-attribute options acquires a