Create default roles

This creates an initial set of default roles which administrators may
use to grant access to, historically, superuser-only functions.  Using
these roles instead of granting superuser access reduces the number of
superuser roles required for a system.  Documention for each of the
default roles has been added to user-manag.sgml.

Bump catversion to 201604082, as we had a commit that bumped it to
201604081 and another that set it back to 201604071...

Reviews by José Luis Tallón and Robert Haas

2 files changed, 56 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index 88145c5b808..cb7fe38000b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -17454,7 +17454,8 @@ SELECT set_config('log_statement_stats', 'off', false);
         </entry>
        <entry><type>boolean</type></entry>
        <entry>Cancel a backend's current query.  This is also allowed if the
-        calling role is a member of the role whose backend is being canceled,
+        calling role is a member of the role whose backend is being canceled or
+        the calling role has been granted <literal>pg_signal_backend</literal>,
         however only superusers can cancel superuser backends.
         </entry>
       </row>
@@ -17478,8 +17479,9 @@ SELECT set_config('log_statement_stats', 'off', false);
         </entry>
        <entry><type>boolean</type></entry>
        <entry>Terminate a backend.  This is also allowed if the calling role
-        is a member of the role whose backend is being terminated, however only
-        superusers can terminate superuser backends.
+        is a member of the role whose backend is being terminated or the
+        calling role has been granted <literal>pg_signal_backend</literal>,
+        however only superusers can terminate superuser backends.
        </entry>
       </row>
      </tbody>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
index d1b6e5990db..7eaefe58c2f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
@@ -483,6 +483,57 @@ DROP ROLE doomed_role;
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
+ <sect1 id="default-roles">
+  <title>Default Roles</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="default-roles">
+   <primary>role</>
+  </indexterm>
+
+  <para>
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> provides a set of default roles
+   which provide access to certain, commonly needed, privileged capabilities
+   and information.  Administrators can GRANT these roles to users and/or
+   other roles in their environment, providing those users with access to
+   the specified capabilities and information.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The default roles are described in <xref linkend="default-roles-table">.
+   Note that the specific permissions for each of the default roles may
+   change in the future as additional capabilities are added.  Administrators
+   should monitor the release notes for changes.
+  </para>
+
+   <table tocentry="1" id="default-roles-table">
+    <title>Default Roles</title>
+    <tgroup cols="2">
+     <thead>
+      <row>
+       <entry>Role</entry>
+       <entry>Allowed Access</entry>
+      </row>
+     </thead>
+     <tbody>
+      <row>
+       <entry>pg_signal_backend</entry>
+       <entry>Send signals to other backends (eg: cancel query, terminate).</entry>
+      </row>
+     </tbody>
+    </tgroup>
+   </table>
+
+  <para>
+   Administrators can grant access to these roles to users using the GRANT
+   command:
+
+<programlisting>
+GRANT pg_signal_backend TO admin_user;
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+
+ </sect1>
+
  <sect1 id="perm-functions">
   <title>Function and Trigger Security</title>