diff options
author | Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> | 2005-01-30 04:16:11 +0000 |
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committer | Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> | 2005-01-30 04:16:11 +0000 |
commit | bfc536217db70399a9ee8bfebdbd667390fecc9a (patch) | |
tree | 9fb194953cecca40db2f9b87b3168c5d9d1d3013 /doc/src | |
parent | 4c8a690d540b2f2711a3d1a624b4e9ded9b25622 (diff) |
Remove GEQO and Rtree FAQ items.
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/src')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html | 117 |
1 files changed, 41 insertions, 76 deletions
diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html index b64ddcb80e1..0b8401ec2ac 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ alink="#0000ff"> <H1>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL</H1> - <P>Last updated: Sat Jan 29 23:06:02 EST 2005</P> + <P>Last updated: Sat Jan 29 23:15:42 EST 2005</P> <P>Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (<A href= "mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR> @@ -86,46 +86,44 @@ use my indexes?<BR> <A href="#4.7">4.7</A>) How do I see how the query optimizer is evaluating my query?<BR> - <A href="#4.8">4.8</A>) What is an R-tree index?<BR> - <A href="#4.9">4.9</A>) What is the Genetic Query Optimizer?<BR> - <A href="#4.10">4.10</A>) How do I perform regular expression + <A href="#4.8">4.8</A>) How do I perform regular expression searches and case-insensitive regular expression searches? How do I use an index for case-insensitive searches?<BR> - <A href="#4.11">4.11</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field + <A href="#4.9">4.9</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field is <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>?<BR> - <A href="#4.12">4.12</A>) What is the difference between the + <A href="#4.10">4.10</A>) What is the difference between the various character types?<BR> - <A href="#4.13.0">4.13.0</A>) How do I create a + <A href="#4.11.0">4.11.0</A>) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?<BR> - <A href="#4.13.1">4.13.1</A>) How do I get the value of a + <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) How do I get the value of a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> insert?<BR> - <A href="#4.13.2">4.13.2</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> + <A href="#4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> lead to a race condition with other users?<BR> - <A href="#4.13.3">4.13.3</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers + <A href="#4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers reused on transaction abort? Why are there gaps in the numbering of my sequence/SERIAL column?<BR> - <A href="#4.14">4.14</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a + <A href="#4.12">4.12</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a <SMALL>TID</SMALL>?<BR> - <A href="#4.15">4.15</A>) What is the meaning of some of the terms + <A href="#4.13">4.13</A>) What is the meaning of some of the terms used in PostgreSQL?<BR> - <A href="#4.16">4.16</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory + <A href="#4.14">4.14</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?<BR> - <A href="#4.17">4.17</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I + <A href="#4.15">4.15</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I am running?<BR> - <A href="#4.18">4.18</A>) Why does my large-object operations get + <A href="#4.16">4.16</A>) Why does my large-object operations get <I>"invalid large obj descriptor"</I>?<BR> - <A href="#4.19">4.19</A>) How do I create a column that will + <A href="#4.17">4.17</A>) How do I create a column that will default to the current time?<BR> - <A href="#4.20">4.20</A>) Why are my subqueries using + <A href="#4.18">4.18</A>) Why are my subqueries using <CODE><SMALL>IN</SMALL></CODE> so slow?<BR> - <A href="#4.21">4.21</A>) How do I perform an outer join?<BR> - <A href="#4.22">4.22</A>) How do I perform queries using multiple + <A href="#4.19">4.19</A>) How do I perform an outer join?<BR> + <A href="#4.20">4.20</A>) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?<BR> - <A href="#4.23">4.23</A>) How do I return multiple rows or columns + <A href="#4.21">4.21</A>) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?<BR> - <A href="#4.24">4.24</A>) Why can't I reliably create/drop + <A href="#4.22">4.22</A>) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL functions?<BR> - <A href="#4.25">4.25</A>) What encryption options are available?<BR> + <A href="#4.23">4.23</A>) What encryption options are available?<BR> <H2 align="center">Extending PostgreSQL</H2> @@ -915,40 +913,7 @@ <P>See the <SMALL>EXPLAIN</SMALL> manual page.</P> - <H4><A name="4.8">4.8</A>) What is an R-tree index?</H4> - - <P>An R-tree index is used for indexing spatial data. A hash index - can't handle range searches. A B-tree index only handles range - searches in a single dimension. R-trees can handle - multi-dimensional data. For example, if an R-tree index can be - built on an attribute of type <I>point</I>, the system can more - efficiently answer queries such as "select all points within a - bounding rectangle."</P> - - <P>The canonical paper that describes the original R-tree design - is:</P> - - <P>Guttman, A. "R-trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial - Searching." Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD Int'l Conf on Mgmt - of Data, 45-57.</P> - - <P>You can also find this paper in Stonebraker's "Readings in - Database Systems".</P> - - <P>Built-in R-trees can handle polygons and boxes. In theory, - R-trees can be extended to handle higher number of dimensions. In - practice, extending R-trees requires a bit of work and we don't - currently have any documentation on how to do it.</P> - - <H4><A name="4.9">4.9</A>) What is the Genetic Query - Optimizer?</H4> - - <P>The <SMALL>GEQO</SMALL> module speeds query optimization when - joining many tables by means of a Genetic Algorithm (GA). It allows - the handling of large join queries through nonexhaustive - search.</P> - - <H4><A name="4.10">4.10</A>) How do I perform regular expression + <H4><A name="4.8">4.8</A>) How do I perform regular expression searches and case-insensitive regular expression searches? How do I use an index for case-insensitive searches?</H4> @@ -971,13 +936,13 @@ CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); </PRE> - <H4><A name="4.11">4.11</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field + <H4><A name="4.9">4.9</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field is <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>?</H4> <P>You test the column with <SMALL>IS NULL</SMALL> and <SMALL>IS NOT NULL</SMALL>.</P> - <H4><A name="4.12">4.12</A>) What is the difference between the + <H4><A name="4.10">4.10</A>) What is the difference between the various character types?</H4> <PRE> Type Internal Name Notes @@ -1009,7 +974,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) particularly values that include <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> bytes. All the types described here have similar performance characteristics.</P> - <H4><A name="4.13.1">4.13.1</A>) How do I create a + <H4><A name="4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?</H4> <P>PostgreSQL supports a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> data type. It @@ -1037,13 +1002,13 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) you need to use <I>pg_dump</I>'s <I>-o</I> option or <SMALL>COPY WITH OIDS</SMALL> option to preserve the <SMALL>OID</SMALL>s. - <H4><A name="4.13.2">4.13.2</A>) How do I get the value of a + <H4><A name="4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) How do I get the value of a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> insert?</H4> <P>One approach is to retrieve the next <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> value from the sequence object with the <I>nextval()</I> function <I>before</I> inserting and then insert it explicitly. Using the - example table in <A href="#4.13.1">4.13.1</A>, an example in a + example table in <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, an example in a pseudo-language would look like this:</P> <PRE> new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')"); @@ -1066,7 +1031,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); </PRE> - <P>Finally, you could use the <A href="#4.14"><SMALL>OID</SMALL></A> + <P>Finally, you could use the <A href="#4.12"><SMALL>OID</SMALL></A> returned from the <SMALL>INSERT</SMALL> statement to look up the default value, though this is probably the least portable approach, and the oid value will wrap around when it reaches 4 billion. @@ -1074,13 +1039,13 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) available via <I>$sth->{pg_oid_status}</I> after <I>$sth->execute()</I>.</P> - <H4><A name="4.13.3">4.13.3</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> + <H4><A name="4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> lead to a race condition with other users?</H4> <P>No. <I>currval()</I> returns the current value assigned by your backend, not by all users.</P> - <H4><A name="4.13.4">4.13.4</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers + <H4><A name="4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers reused on transaction abort? Why are there gaps in the numbering of my sequence/SERIAL column?</H4> @@ -1089,7 +1054,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) completes. This causes gaps in numbering from aborted transactions.</P> - <H4><A name="4.14">4.14</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is + <H4><A name="4.12">4.12</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a <SMALL>TID</SMALL>?</H4> <P>Every row that is created in PostgreSQL gets a unique @@ -1112,7 +1077,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) are modified or reloaded. They are used by index entries to point to physical rows.</P> - <H4><A name="4.15">4.15</A>) What is the meaning of some of the + <H4><A name="4.13">4.13</A>) What is the meaning of some of the terms used in PostgreSQL?</H4> <P>Some of the source code and older documentation use terms that @@ -1141,7 +1106,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) <P>A list of general database terms can be found at: <A href= "http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html">http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html</A></P> - <H4><A name="4.16">4.16</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: + <H4><A name="4.14">4.14</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?</H4> <P>You probably have run out of virtual memory on your system, @@ -1160,12 +1125,12 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) backend is returning too much data, try it before starting the client. - <H4><A name="4.17">4.17</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version + <H4><A name="4.15">4.15</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I am running?</H4> <P>From <I>psql</I>, type <CODE>SELECT version();</CODE></P> - <H4><A name="4.18">4.18</A>) Why does my large-object operations + <H4><A name="4.16">4.16</A>) Why does my large-object operations get <I>"invalid large obj descriptor"</I>?</H4> <P>You need to put <CODE>BEGIN WORK</CODE> and <CODE>COMMIT</CODE> @@ -1181,7 +1146,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) <P>If you are using a client interface like <SMALL>ODBC</SMALL> you may need to set <CODE>auto-commit off.</CODE></P> - <H4><A name="4.19">4.19</A>) How do I create a column that will + <H4><A name="4.17">4.17</A>) How do I create a column that will default to the current time?</H4> <P>Use <I>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</I>:</P> @@ -1190,7 +1155,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) </CODE> </PRE> - <H4><A name="4.20">4.20</A>) Why are my subqueries using + <H4><A name="4.18">4.18</A>) Why are my subqueries using <CODE><SMALL>IN</SMALL></CODE> so slow?</H4> <P>In versions prior to 7.4, subqueries were joined to outer queries @@ -1214,7 +1179,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) sophisticated join techniques as normal queries, and is prefered to using <CODE>EXISTS</CODE>. - <H4><A name="4.21">4.21</A>) How do I perform an outer join?</H4> + <H4><A name="4.19">4.19</A>) How do I perform an outer join?</H4> <P>PostgreSQL supports outer joins using the SQL standard syntax. Here are two examples:</P> @@ -1254,7 +1219,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) ORDER BY col1 </PRE> - <H4><A name="4.22">4.22</A>) How do I perform queries using + <H4><A name="4.20">4.20</A>) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?</H4> <P>There is no way to query a database other than the current one. @@ -1266,7 +1231,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) connections to different databases and merge the results on the client side.</P> - <H4><A name="4.23">4.23</A>) How do I return multiple rows or + <H4><A name="4.21">4.21</A>) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?</H4> <P>In 7.3, you can easily return multiple rows or columns from a @@ -1274,7 +1239,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions"> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions</a>. - <H4><A name="4.24">4.24</A>) Why can't I reliably create/drop + <H4><A name="4.22">4.22</A>) Why can't I reliably create/drop temporary tables in PL/PgSQL functions?</H4> <P>PL/PgSQL caches function contents, and an unfortunate side effect is that if a PL/PgSQL function accesses a temporary table, and that @@ -1284,7 +1249,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) <SMALL>EXECUTE</SMALL> for temporary table access in PL/PgSQL. This will cause the query to be reparsed every time.</P> - <H4><A name="4.25">4.25</A>) What encryption options are available? + <H4><A name="4.23">4.23</A>) What encryption options are available? </H4> <UL> <LI><I>contrib/pgcrypto</I> contains many encryption functions for |