Fix unconditional WAL receiver shutdown during stream-archive transition

Commit b4f584f9d2a1 (affecting v15~, later backpatched down to 13 as of
3635a0a35aaf) introduced an unconditional WAL receiver shutdown when
switching from streaming to archive WAL sources.  This causes problems
during a timeline switch, when a WAL receiver enters WALRCV_WAITING
state but remains alive, waiting for instructions.

The unconditional shutdown can break some monitoring scenarios as the
WAL receiver gets repeatedly terminated and re-spawned, causing
pg_stat_wal_receiver.status to show a "streaming" instead of "waiting"
status, masking the fact that the WAL receiver is waiting for a new TLI
and a new LSN to be able to continue streaming.

This commit changes the WAL receiver behavior so as the shutdown becomes
conditional, with InstallXLogFileSegmentActive being always reset to
prevent the regression fixed by b4f584f9d2a1: only terminate the WAL
receiver when it is actively streaming (WALRCV_STREAMING,
WALRCV_STARTING, or WALRCV_RESTARTING).  When in WALRCV_WAITING state,
just reset InstallXLogFileSegmentActive flag to allow archive
restoration without killing the process.  WALRCV_STOPPED and
WALRCV_STOPPING are not reachable states in this code path.  For the
latter, the startup process is the one in charge of setting
WALRCV_STOPPING via ShutdownWalRcv(), waiting for the WAL receiver to
reach a WALRCV_STOPPED state after switching walRcvState, so
WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() cannot be reached while a WAL receiver is
in a WALRCV_STOPPING state.

A regression test is added to check that a WAL receiver is not stopped
on timeline jump, that fails when the fix of this commit is reverted.

Reported-by: Ryan Bird <ryanzxg@gmail.com>
Author: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19093-c4fff49a608f82a0@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13

2 files changed, 22 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index fd91bcd68ec..8c0d9dbfa8b 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -9519,10 +9519,7 @@ void
 XLogShutdownWalRcv(void)
 {
 	ShutdownWalRcv();
-
-	LWLockAcquire(ControlFileLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
-	XLogCtl->InstallXLogFileSegmentActive = false;
-	LWLockRelease(ControlFileLock);
+	ResetInstallXLogFileSegmentActive();
 }
 
 /* Enable WAL file recycling and preallocation. */
@@ -9534,6 +9531,15 @@ SetInstallXLogFileSegmentActive(void)
 	LWLockRelease(ControlFileLock);
 }
 
+/* Disable WAL file recycling and preallocation. */
+void
+ResetInstallXLogFileSegmentActive(void)
+{
+	LWLockAcquire(ControlFileLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+	XLogCtl->InstallXLogFileSegmentActive = false;
+	LWLockRelease(ControlFileLock);
+}
+
 bool
 IsInstallXLogFileSegmentActive(void)
 {
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 3e3c4da01a2..cb62d43077d 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -3687,8 +3687,19 @@ WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable(XLogRecPtr RecPtr, bool randAccess,
 					 * Before we leave XLOG_FROM_STREAM state, make sure that
 					 * walreceiver is not active, so that it won't overwrite
 					 * WAL that we restore from archive.
+					 *
+					 * If walreceiver is actively streaming (or attempting to
+					 * connect), we must shut it down. However, if it's
+					 * already in WAITING state (e.g., due to timeline
+					 * divergence), we only need to reset the install flag to
+					 * allow archive restoration.
 					 */
-					XLogShutdownWalRcv();
+					if (WalRcvStreaming())
+						XLogShutdownWalRcv();
+					else
+					{
+						ResetInstallXLogFileSegmentActive();
+					}
 
 					/*
 					 * Before we sleep, re-scan for possible new timelines if