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3 daysFix incorrectly spelled city nameDaniel Gustafsson
The correct spelling is Beijing, fix in regression test and docs. Author: JiaoShuntian <jiaoshuntian@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ebfa3ec2-dc3c-4adb-be2a-4a882c2e85a7@gmail.com
4 daysdoc: warn about the use of "ctid" queries beyond the examplesBruce Momjian
Also be more assertive that "ctid" should not be used for long-term storage. Reported-by: Bernice Southey Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEDh4nyn5swFYuSfcnGAbpQrKOc47Hh_ZyKVSPYJcu2P=51Luw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 17
5 daysdoc: Remove duplicate word in ECPG descriptionMichael Paquier
Author: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d6d6a800f8b503cd78d5f4fa721198e40eec1677.camel@cybertec.at Backpatch-through: 14
6 daysdoc: change "can not" to "cannot"Bruce Momjian
Reported-by: Chao Li Author: Chao Li Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEoWx2kyiD+7-vUoOYhH=y2Hrmvqyyhm4EhzgKyrxGBXOMWCxw@mail.gmail.com
6 daysdoc: Use proper tags in pg_overexplain documentation.Fujii Masao
The pg_overexplain documentation previously used the <literal> tag for some file names, struct names, and commands. Update the markup to use the more appropriate tags: <filename>, <structname>, and <command>. Backpatch to v18, where pg_overexplain was introduced. Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shixin Wang <wang-shi-xin@outlook.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwEyYUzz0LjBV_fMcdwU3wgmu0NCoT+JJiozPa8DG6eeog@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
6 daysDoc: Clarify publication privilege requirements.Amit Kapila
Update the logical replication documentation to explicitly outline the privilege requirements for each publication syntax. This will ensure users understand the necessary permissions when creating or managing publications. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANhcyEXODen4U0XLk0aAwFTwGxjAfE9eRaynREenLp-JBSaFHw@mail.gmail.com
7 daysToggle logical decoding dynamically based on logical slot presence.Masahiko Sawada
Previously logical decoding required wal_level to be set to 'logical' at server start. This meant that users had to incur the overhead of logical-level WAL logging even when no logical replication slots were in use. This commit adds functionality to automatically control logical decoding availability based on logical replication slot presence. The newly introduced module logicalctl.c allows logical decoding to be dynamically activated when needed when wal_level is set to 'replica'. When the first logical replication slot is created, the system automatically increases the effective WAL level to maintain logical-level WAL records. Conversely, after the last logical slot is dropped or invalidated, it decreases back to 'replica' WAL level. While activation occurs synchronously right after creating the first logical slot, deactivation happens asynchronously through the checkpointer process. This design avoids a race condition at the end of recovery; a concurrent deactivation could happen while the startup process enables logical decoding at the end of recovery, but WAL writes are still not permitted until recovery fully completes. The checkpointer will handle it after recovery is done. Asynchronous deactivation also avoids excessive toggling of the logical decoding status in workloads that repeatedly create and drop a single logical slot. On the other hand, this lazy approach can delay changes to effective_wal_level and the disabling logical decoding, especially when the checkpointer is busy with other tasks. We chose this lazy approach in all deactivation paths to keep the implementation simple, even though laziness is strictly required only for end-of-recovery cases. Future work might address this limitation either by using a dedicated worker instead of the checkpointer, or by implementing synchronous waiting during slot drops if workloads are significantly affected by the lazy deactivation of logical decoding. The effective WAL level, determined internally by XLogLogicalInfo, is allowed to change within a transaction until an XID is assigned. Once an XID is assigned, the value becomes fixed for the remainder of the transaction. This behavior ensures that the logging mode remains consistent within a writing transaction, similar to the behavior of GUC parameters. A new read-only GUC parameter effective_wal_level is introduced to monitor the actual WAL level in effect. This parameter reflects the current operational WAL level, which may differ from the configured wal_level setting. Bump PG_CONTROL_VERSION as it adds a new field to CheckPoint struct. Reviewed-by: Shveta Malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoCVLeLYq09pQPaWs+Jwdni5FuJ8v2jgq-u9_uFbcp6UbA@mail.gmail.com
8 daysdoc: add "DO" to "ON CONFLICT" in CREATE VIEW textBruce Momjian
This is done for consistency. Reported-by: jian he Author: Laurenz Albe Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxEW1RRDD9ZWGcW_Np_Z9VGPE-YC7u0C6RcsEY8EKiTdBg@mail.gmail.com
8 daysdoc: Fix incorrect reference in pg_overexplain documentation.Fujii Masao
Correct the referenced location of the RangeTblEntry definition in the pg_overexplain documentation. Backpatched to v18, where pg_overexplain was introduced. Author: Julien Tachoires <julien@tachoires.me> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20251218092319.tht64ffmcvzqdz7u@poseidon.home.virt Backpatch-through: 18
11 daysdoc: clarify when physical/logical replication is usedBruce Momjian
The imprecision caused some text to be only partially accurate. Reported-by: Paul A Jungwirth Author: Robert Treat Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BrenyULt3VBS1cRFKUfT2%3D5dr61xBOZdAZ-CqX3XLGXqY-aTQ%40mail.gmail.com
11 daysUpdate pg_hba.conf example to reflect MD5 deprecationJohn Naylor
In the wake of commit db6a4a985, remove most use of 'md5' from the example configuration file. The only remainder is an example exception for a client that doesn't support SCRAM. Author: Mikael Gustavsson <mikael.gustavsson@smhi.se> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Andreas Karlsson <andreas@proxel.se> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/176595607507.978865.11597773194269211255@wrigleys.postgresql.org Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4ed268473fdb4cf9b0eced6c8019d353@smhi.se Backpatch-through: 18
13 dayslibpq-fe.h: Don't claim SOCKTYPE in the global namespaceJacob Champion
The definition of PGoauthBearerRequest uses a temporary SOCKTYPE macro to hide the difference between Windows and Berkeley socket handles, since we don't surface pgsocket in our public API. This macro doesn't need to escape the header, because implementers will choose the correct socket type based on their platform, so I #undef'd it immediately after use. I didn't namespace that helper, though, so if anyone else needs a SOCKTYPE macro, libpq-fe.h will now unhelpfully get rid of it. This doesn't seem too far-fetched, given its proximity to existing POSIX macro names. Add a PQ_ prefix to avoid collisions, update and improve the surrounding documentation, and backpatch. Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOYmi%2BmrGg%2Bn_X2MOLgeWcj3v_M00gR8uz_D7mM8z%3DdX1JYVbg%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
13 daysSupport existing publications in pg_createsubscriber.Amit Kapila
Allow pg_createsubscriber to reuse existing publications instead of failing when they already exist on the publisher. Previously, pg_createsubscriber would fail if any specified publication already existed. Now, existing publications are reused as-is with their current configuration, and non-existing publications are created automatically with FOR ALL TABLES. This change provides flexibility when working with mixed scenarios of existing and new publications. Users should verify that existing publications have the desired configuration before reusing them, and can use --dry-run with verbose mode to see which publications will be reused and which will be created. Only publications created by pg_createsubscriber are cleaned up during error cleanup operations. Pre-existing publications are preserved unless '--clean=publications' is explicitly specified, which drops all publications. This feature would be helpful for pub-sub configurations where users want to subscribe to a subset of tables from the publisher. Author: Shubham Khanna <khannashubham1197@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Zhijie Hou (Fujitsu) <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: tianbing <tian_bing_0531@163.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHv8Rj%2BsxWutv10WiDEAPZnygaCbuY2RqiLMj2aRMH-H3iZwyA%40mail.gmail.com
2025-12-16doc: Update header file mention for CompareTypeDaniel Gustafsson
Commit 119fc30 moved CompareType to cmptype.h but the mention in the docs still refered to primnodes.h Author: Daisuke Higuchi <higuchi.daisuke11@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Paul A Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEVT6c8guXe5P=L_Un5NUUzCgEgbHnNcP+Y3TV2WbQh-xjiwqA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-12-15Allow passing a pointer to GetNamedDSMSegment()'s init callback.Nathan Bossart
This commit adds a new "void *arg" parameter to GetNamedDSMSegment() that is passed to the initialization callback function. This is useful for reusing an initialization callback function for multiple DSM segments. Author: Zsolt Parragi <zsolt.parragi@percona.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN4CZFMjh8TrT9ZhWgjVTzBDkYZi2a84BnZ8bM%2BfLPuq7Cirzg%40mail.gmail.com
2025-12-15Add retry logic to pg_sync_replication_slots().Amit Kapila
Previously, pg_sync_replication_slots() would finish without synchronizing slots that didn't meet requirements, rather than failing outright. This could leave some failover slots unsynchronized if required catalog rows or WAL segments were missing or at risk of removal, while the standby continued removing needed data. To address this, the function now waits for the primary slot to advance to a position where all required data is available on the standby before completing synchronization. It retries cyclically until all failover slots that existed on the primary at the start of the call are synchronized. Slots created after the function begins are not included. If the standby is promoted during this wait, the function exits gracefully and the temporary slots will be removed. Author: Ajin Cherian <itsajin@gmail.com> Author: Hou Zhijie <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Shveta Malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Yilin Zhang <jiezhilove@126.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFPTHDZAA%2BgWDntpa5ucqKKba41%3DtXmoXqN3q4rpjO9cdxgQrw%40mail.gmail.com
2025-12-14Implement ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION ... commandAlexander Korotkov
This new DDL command splits a single partition into several partitions. Just like the ALTER TABLE ... MERGE PARTITIONS ... command, new partitions are created using the createPartitionTable() function with the parent partition as the template. This commit comprises a quite naive implementation which works in a single process and holds the ACCESS EXCLUSIVE LOCK on the parent table during all the operations, including the tuple routing. This is why the new DDL command can't be recommended for large, partitioned tables under high load. However, this implementation comes in handy in certain cases, even as it is. Also, it could serve as a foundation for future implementations with less locking and possibly parallelism. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/c73a1746-0cd0-6bdd-6b23-3ae0b7c0c582%40postgrespro.ru Author: Dmitry Koval <d.koval@postgrespro.ru> Co-authored-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com> Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com> Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org> Reviewed-by: Stephane Tachoires <stephane.tachoires@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Pavel Borisov <pashkin.elfe@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <dgustafsson@postgresql.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
2025-12-14Implement ALTER TABLE ... MERGE PARTITIONS ... commandAlexander Korotkov
This new DDL command merges several partitions into a single partition of the target table. The target partition is created using the new createPartitionTable() function with the parent partition as the template. This commit comprises a quite naive implementation which works in a single process and holds the ACCESS EXCLUSIVE LOCK on the parent table during all the operations, including the tuple routing. This is why this new DDL command can't be recommended for large partitioned tables under a high load. However, this implementation comes in handy in certain cases, even as it is. Also, it could serve as a foundation for future implementations with less locking and possibly parallelism. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/c73a1746-0cd0-6bdd-6b23-3ae0b7c0c582%40postgrespro.ru Author: Dmitry Koval <d.koval@postgrespro.ru> Co-authored-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com> Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com> Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org> Reviewed-by: Stephane Tachoires <stephane.tachoires@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Pavel Borisov <pashkin.elfe@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <dgustafsson@postgresql.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
2025-12-14doc: Fix incorrect documentation for test_custom_statsMichael Paquier
The reference to the test module test_custom_stats should have been added under the section "Custom Cumulative Statistics", but the section "Injection Points" has been updated instead, reversing the references for both test modules. d52c24b0f808 has removed a paragraph that was correct, and 31280d96a648 has added a paragraph that was incorrect. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0s4heX926+ZNh63u12gLd9jgauU6yiirKc7xGo1G01PXQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-09vacuumdb: Add --dry-run.Nathan Bossart
This new option instructs vacuumdb to print, but not execute, the VACUUM and ANALYZE commands that would've been sent to the server. Author: Corey Huinker <corey.huinker@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADkLM%3DckHkX7Of5SrK7g0LokPUwJ%3Dkk8JU1GXGF5pZ1eBVr0%3DQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-12-09Add started_by column to pg_stat_progress_analyze view.Masahiko Sawada
The new column, started_by, indicates the initiator of the analyze ('manual' or 'autovacuum'), helping users and monitoring tools to better understand ANALYZE behavior. Bump catalog version. Author: Shinya Kato <shinya11.kato@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Yu Wang <wangyu_runtime@163.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0suoicwxFeK_eDkUrzF7s0BVTaE7M%2BehCpYcCk5wiECpw%40mail.gmail.com
2025-12-09Add mode and started_by columns to pg_stat_progress_vacuum view.Masahiko Sawada
The new columns, mode and started_by, indicate the vacuum mode ('normal', 'aggressive', or 'failsafe') and the initiator of the vacuum ('manual', 'autovacuum', or 'autovacuum_wraparound'), respectively. This allows users and monitoring tools to better understand VACUUM behavior. Bump catalog version. Author: Shinya Kato <shinya11.kato@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Yu Wang <wangyu_runtime@163.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOzEurQcOY-OBL_ouEVfEaFqe_md3vB5pXjR_m6L71Dcp1JKCQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-09doc: Fix titles of some pg_buffercache functions.Nathan Bossart
As in commit 59d6c03956, use <function> rather than <structname> in the <title> to be consistent with how other functions in this module are documented. Oversights in commits dcf7e1697b and 9ccc049dfe. Author: Noboru Saito <noborusai@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAM3qn%2B7KraFkCyoJCHq6m%3DurxcoHPEPryuyYeg%3DQ0EjJxjdTA%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-12-09Widen MultiXactOffset to 64 bitsHeikki Linnakangas
This eliminates MultiXactOffset wraparound and the 2^32 limit on the total number of multixid members. Multixids are still limited to 2^31, but this is a nice improvement because 'members' can grow much faster than the number of multixids. On such systems, you can now run longer before hitting hard limits or triggering anti-wraparound vacuums. Not having to deal with MultiXactOffset wraparound also simplifies the code and removes some gnarly corner cases. We no longer need to perform emergency anti-wraparound freezing because of running out of 'members' space, so the offset stop limit is gone. But you might still not want 'members' to consume huge amounts of disk space. For that reason, I kept the logic for lowering vacuum's multixid freezing cutoff if a large amount of 'members' space is used. The thresholds for that are roughly the same as the "safe" and "danger" thresholds used before, 2 billion transactions and 4 billion transactions. This keeps the behavior for the freeze cutoff roughly the same as before. It might make sense to make this smarter or configurable, now that the threshold is only needed to manage disk usage, but that's left for the future. Add code to pg_upgrade to convert multitransactions from the old to the new format, rewriting the pg_multixact SLRU files. Because pg_upgrade now rewrites the files, we can get rid of some hacks we had put in place to deal with old bugs and upgraded clusters. Bump catalog version for the pg_multixact/offsets format change. Author: Maxim Orlov <orlovmg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CACG%3DezaWg7_nt-8ey4aKv2w9LcuLthHknwCawmBgEeTnJrJTcw@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-09doc: Fix statement about ON CONFLICT and deferrable constraints.Dean Rasheed
The description of deferrable constraints in create_table.sgml states that deferrable constraints cannot be used as conflict arbitrators in an INSERT with an ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE clause, but in fact this restriction applies to all ON CONFLICT clauses, not just those with DO UPDATE. Fix this, and while at it, change the word "arbitrators" to "arbiters", to match the terminology used elsewhere. Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCWsybvZP3ce8rGcVNx-QHuDOJZDz8y=p1SzqHwjRXyV4Q@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 14
2025-12-09Use palloc_object() and palloc_array() in more areas of the treeMichael Paquier
The idea is to encourage more the use of these new routines across the tree, as these offer stronger type safety guarantees than palloc(). The following paths are included in this batch, treating all the areas proposed by the author for the most trivial changes, except src/backend (by far the largest batch): src/bin/ src/common/ src/fe_utils/ src/include/ src/pl/ src/test/ src/tutorial/ Similar work has been done in 31d3847a37be. The code compiles the same before and after this commit, with the following exceptions due to changes in line numbers because some of the new allocation formulas are shorter: blkreftable.c pgfnames.c pl_exec.c Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad0748d4-3080-436e-b0bc-ac8f86a3466a@gmail.com
2025-12-09Doc: fix typo in hash index documentationDavid Rowley
Plus a similar fix to the README. Backpatch as far back as the sgml issue exists. The README issue does exist in v14, but that seems unlikely to harm anyone. Author: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ed3db7ea-55b4-4809-86af-81ad3bb2c7d3@gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-12-08test_custom_stats: Test module for custom cumulative statisticsMichael Paquier
This test module acts as a replacement that existed prior to d52c24b0f808 in the test module injection_points. It uses a more flexible structure than its ancestor: - Two libraries are built, one for fixed-sized stats and one for variable-sized stats. - No GUCs required. The stats are enabled only if one or both libraries are loaded with shared_preload_libraries. - Same kind IDs reserved: 25 (variable-sized) and 26 (fixed-sized) The goal of this redesign is to be able to easier extend the code coverage provided by this module for other changes that are currently under discussion, and injection_points was not suited for these. Injection points are also now widely used in the tree now, so extending more the test coverage for custom pgstats in the test module injection_points would be a riskier long-term move. The new code is mostly a copy of what existed previously in the test module injection_points, with the same callbacks defined for fixed-sized and variable-sized stats, but a simpler overall structure in terms of the stats counters updated. The test coverage should remain the same as previously: one TAP test is used to check data reports, crash recovery and clean restart scenarios. Tests are added for the manual reset of fixed-sized stats, something not tested until now. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0sJgO6GAwgFxmzg9MVP=rM7Us8KKcWpuqxe-f5qxmpE0g@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-08injection_points: Remove portions related to custom pgstatsMichael Paquier
The test module injection_points has been used as a landing spot to provide coverage for the custom pgstats APIs, for both fixed-sized and variable-sized stats kinds. Some recent work related to pgstats is proving that this structure makes the implementation of new tests harder. This commit removes the code related to pgstats from injection_points, and an equivalent will be reintroduced as a separate test module in a follow-up commit. This removal is done in its own commit for clarity. Using injection_points for this test coverage was perhaps not the best way to design things, but this was good enough while working on the first flavor of the custom pgstats APIs. Using a new test module will make easier the introduction of new tests, and we will not need to worry about the impact of new changes related to custom pgstats could have with the internals of injection_points. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0sJgO6GAwgFxmzg9MVP=rM7Us8KKcWpuqxe-f5qxmpE0g@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-06Doc: include JSON in the list of SQL-standard types.Tom Lane
Oversight I guess, it's been in the standard for awhile. Reported-by: Bob Kline <bkline@rksystems.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGjKmVoP4qVeJgkaBtQ6L46+OLARzmym53uQGhp5COw4wp65yQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-06Add PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster::read_head_tail() helper to PostgreSQL/Utils.pmMichael Paquier
This function reads the lines from a file and filters its contents to report its head and tail contents. The amount of contents to read from a file can be tuned by the environment variable PG_TEST_FILE_READ_LINES, that can be used to override the default of 50 lines. If the file whose content is read has less lines than two times PG_TEST_FILE_READ_LINES, the whole file is returned. This will be used in a follow-up commit to limit the amount of information reported by some of the TAP tests on failure, where we have noticed that the contents reported by the buildfarm can be heavily bloated in some cases, with the head and tail contents of a report being able to provide enough information to be useful for debugging. Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ1D6KXvjSs7YGsDeadqCxNF3UUhjRAfforzzP0k-cE=bA@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-05Rename column slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip.Amit Kapila
Commit 76b78721ca introduced two new columns in pg_stat_replication_slots to improve monitoring of slot synchronization. One of these columns was named slotsync_skip_at, which is inconsistent with the naming convention used for similar columns in other system views. Columns that store timestamps of the most recent event typically use the 'last_' in the column name (e.g., last_autovacuum, checksum_last_failure). Renaming slotsync_skip_at to slotsync_last_skip aligns with this pattern, making the purpose of the column clearer and improving overall consistency across the views. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Banck <mbanck@gmx.net> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20251128091552.GB13635@p46.dedyn.io;lightning.p46.dedyn.io Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-04amcheck: Fix snapshot usage in bt_index_parent_checkÁlvaro Herrera
We were using SnapshotAny to do some index checks, but that's wrong and causes spurious errors when used on indexes created by CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY. Fix it to use an MVCC snapshot, and add a test for it. This problem came in with commit 5ae2087202af, which introduced uniqueness check. Backpatch to 17. Author: Mihail Nikalayeu <mihailnikalayeu@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru> Backpatch-through: 17 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANtu0ojmVd27fEhfpST7RG2KZvwkX=dMyKUqg0KM87FkOSdz8Q@mail.gmail.com
2025-12-03Rename BUFFERPIN wait event class to BUFFERAndres Freund
In an upcoming patch more wait events will be added to the wait event class (for buffer locking), making the current name too specific. Alternatively we could introduce a dedicated wait event class for those, but it seems somewhat confusing to have a BUFFERPIN and a BUFFER wait event class. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fvfmkr5kk4nyex56ejgxj3uzi63isfxovp2biecb4bspbjrze7@az2pljabhnff
2025-12-03doc: Consistently use restartpoint in the documentationDaniel Gustafsson
The majority of cases already used "restartpoint" with just a few instances of "restart point". Changing the latter spelling to the former ensures consistency in the user facing documentation. Code comments are not affected by this since it is not worth the churn to change anything there. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/0F6E38D0-649F-4489-B2C1-43CD937E6636@yesql.se
2025-12-02Show size of DSAs and dshashes in pg_dsm_registry_allocations.Nathan Bossart
Presently, this view reports NULL for the size of DSAs and dshash tables because 1) the current backend might not be attached to them and 2) the registry doesn't save the pointers to the dsa_area or dshash_table in local memory. Also, the view doesn't show partially-initialized entries to avoid ambiguity, since those entries would report a NULL size as well. This commit introduces a function that looks up the size of a DSA given its handle (transiently attaching to the control segment if needed) and teaches pg_dsm_registry_allocations to use it to show the size of successfully-initialized DSA and dshash entries. Furthermore, the view now reports partially-initialized entries with a NULL size. Reviewed-by: Rahila Syed <rahilasyed90@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aSeEDeznAsHR1_YF%40nathan
2025-12-02Remove doc and code comments about ON CONFLICT deficienciesÁlvaro Herrera
They have been fixed, so we don't need this text anymore. This reverts commit 8b18ed6dfbb8. Author: Mihail Nikalayeu <mihailnikalayeu@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADzfLwWo+FV9WSeOah9F1r=4haa6eay1hNvYYy_WfziJeK+aLQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-28Add slotsync_skip_reason column to pg_replication_slots view.Amit Kapila
Introduce a new column, slotsync_skip_reason, in the pg_replication_slots view. This column records the reason why the last slot synchronization was skipped. It is primarily relevant for logical replication slots on standby servers where the 'synced' field is true. The value is NULL when synchronization succeeds. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-28pg_buffercache: Add pg_buffercache_mark_dirty{,_relation,_all}()Michael Paquier
This commit introduces three new functions for marking shared buffers as dirty by using the functions introduced in 9660906dbd69: * pg_buffercache_mark_dirty() for one shared buffer. - pg_buffercache_mark_dirt_relation() for all the shared buffers in a relation. * pg_buffercache_mark_dirty_all() for all the shared buffers in pool. The "_all" and "_relation" flavors are designed to address the inefficiency of repeatedly calling pg_buffercache_mark_dirty() for each individual buffer, which can be time-consuming when dealing with with large shared buffers pool. These functions are intended as developer tools and are available only to superusers. There is no need to bump the version of pg_buffercache, 4b203d499c61 having done this job in this release cycle. Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Reviewed-by: Aidar Imamov <a.imamov@postgrespro.ru> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Joseph Koshakow <koshy44@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Yuhang Qiu <iamqyh@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0h_YoSqqutxV6DES1RW8ig6wcA8CR9rJk358YRMxZFmw@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-28doc: Add missing tags in pg_buffercache pageMichael Paquier
Issue noticed while looking at this area of the documentation, for a different patch. This is a matter of style, so no backpatch is done. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0h_YoSqqutxV6DES1RW8ig6wcA8CR9rJk358YRMxZFmw@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-27doc: Fix misleading synopsis for CREATE/ALTER PUBLICATION.Fujii Masao
The documentation for CREATE/ALTER PUBLICATION previously showed: [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ] [ WHERE ( expression ) ] [, ... ] to indicate that the table/column specification could be repeated. However, placing [, ... ] directly after a multi-part construct was misleading and made it unclear which portion was repeatable. This commit introduces a new term, table_and_columns, to represent: [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ ( column_name [, ... ] ) ] [ WHERE ( expression ) ] and updates the synopsis to use: table_and_columns [, ... ] which clearly identifies the repeatable element. Backpatched to v15, where the misleading syntax was introduced. Author: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+PtsyvYL3KmA6C8f0ZpXQ=7FEqQtETVy-BOF+cm9WPvfMQ@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-11-27doc: Fix typo in pg_dump documentationDaniel Gustafsson
Reported-by: Erik Rijkers <er@xs4all.nl> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7596672c-43e8-a030-0850-2dd09af98cac@xs4all.nl
2025-11-27Add parallelism support for TID Range ScansDavid Rowley
In v14, bb437f995 added support for scanning for ranges of TIDs using a dedicated executor node for the purpose. Here, we allow these scans to be parallelized. The range of blocks to scan is divvied up similarly to how a Parallel Seq Scans does that, where 'chunks' of blocks are allocated to each worker and the size of those chunks is slowly reduced down to 1 block per worker by the time we're nearing the end of the scan. Doing that means workers finish at roughly the same time. Allowing TID Range Scans to be parallelized removes the dilemma from the planner as to whether a Parallel Seq Scan will cost less than a non-parallel TID Range Scan due to the CPU concurrency of the Seq Scan (disk costs are not divided by the number of workers). It was possible the planner could choose the Parallel Seq Scan which would result in reading additional blocks during execution than the TID Scan would have. Allowing Parallel TID Range Scans removes the trade-off the planner makes when choosing between reduced CPU costs due to parallelism vs additional I/O from the Parallel Seq Scan due to it scanning blocks from outside of the required TID range. There is also, of course, the traditional parallelism performance benefits to be gained as well, which likely doesn't need to be explained here. Author: Cary Huang <cary.huang@highgo.ca> Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Rafia Sabih <rafia.pghackers@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Steven Niu <niushiji@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18f2c002a24.11bc2ab825151706.3749144144619388582@highgo.ca
2025-11-26Add GUC to show EXEC_BACKEND stateDaniel Gustafsson
There is no straightforward way to determine if a cluster is running in EXEC_BACKEND mode or not, which is useful for tests to know. This adds a GUC debug_exec_backend similar to debug_assertions which will be true when the server is running in EXEC_BACKEND mode. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5F301096-921A-427D-8EC1-EBAEC2A35082@yesql.se
2025-11-26doc: Clarify passphrase command reloading on WindowsDaniel Gustafsson
When running on Windows (or EXEC_BACKEND) the SSL configuration will be reloaded on each backend start, so the passphrase command will be reloaded along with it. This implies that passphrase command reload must be enabled on Windows for connections to work at all. Document this since it wasn't mentioned explicitly, and will there add markup for parameter value to match the rest of the docs. Backpatch to all supported versions. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5F301096-921A-427D-8EC1-EBAEC2A35082@yesql.se Backpatch-through: 14
2025-11-25Add slotsync skip statistics.Amit Kapila
This patch adds two new columns to the pg_stat_replication_slots view: slotsync_skip_count - the total number of times a slotsync operation was skipped. slotsync_skip_at - the timestamp of the most recent skip. These additions provide better visibility into replication slot synchronization behavior. A future patch will introduce the slotsync_skip_reason column in pg_replication_slots to capture the reason for skip. Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE9k0PkhfKrTEAsGz4DjOhEj1nQ+hbQVfvWUxNacD38ibW3a1g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-24pg_buffercache: Add pg_buffercache_os_pagesMichael Paquier
ba2a3c2302f has added a way to check if a buffer is spread across multiple pages with some NUMA information, via a new view pg_buffercache_numa that depends on pg_buffercache_numa_pages(), a SQL function. These can only be queried when support for libnuma exists, generating an error if not. However, it can be useful to know how shared buffers and OS pages map when NUMA is not supported or not available. This commit expands the capabilities around pg_buffercache_numa: - pg_buffercache_numa_pages() is refactored as an internal function, able to optionally process NUMA. Its SQL definition prior to this commit is still around to ensure backward-compatibility with v1.6. - A SQL function called pg_buffercache_os_pages() is added, able to work with or without NUMA. - The view pg_buffercache_numa is redefined to use pg_buffercache_os_pages(). - A new view is added, called pg_buffercache_os_pages. This ignores NUMA for its result processing, for a better efficiency. The implementation is done so as there is no code duplication between the NUMA and non-NUMA views/functions, relying on one internal function that does the job for all of them. The module is bumped to v1.7. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Mircea Cadariu <cadariu.mircea@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z/fFA2heH6lpSLlt@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-11-22Add SupportRequestInlineInFrom planner support request.Tom Lane
This request allows a support function to replace a function call appearing in FROM (typically a set-returning function) with an equivalent SELECT subquery. The subquery will then be subject to the planner's usual optimizations, potentially allowing a much better plan to be generated. While the planner has long done this automatically for simple SQL-language functions, it's now possible for extensions to do it for functions outside that group. Notably, this could be useful for functions that are presently implemented in PL/pgSQL and work by generating and then EXECUTE'ing a SQL query. Author: Paul A Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/09de6afa-c33d-4d94-a5cb-afc6cea0d2bb@illuminatedcomputing.com
2025-11-22Add range_minus_multi and multirange_minus_multi functionsPeter Eisentraut
The existing range_minus function raises an exception when the range is "split", because then the result can't be represented by a single range. For example '[0,10)'::int4range - '[4,5)' would be '[0,4)' and '[5,10)'. This commit adds new set-returning functions so that callers can get results even in the case of splits. There is no risk of an exception for multiranges, but a set-returning function lets us handle them the same way we handle ranges. Both functions return zero results if the subtraction would give an empty range/multirange. The main use-case for these functions is to implement UPDATE/DELETE FOR PORTION OF, which must compute the application-time of "temporal leftovers": the part of history in an updated/deleted row that was not changed. To preserve the untouched history, we will implicitly insert one record for each result returned by range/multirange_minus_multi. Using a set-returning function will also let us support user-defined types for application-time update/delete in the future. Author: Paul A. Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ec498c3d-5f2b-48ec-b989-5561c8aa2024%40illuminatedcomputing.com
2025-11-21Fix typo in documentation about application timePeter Eisentraut
Author: Paul A. Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>