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This adds a new variant of generated columns that are computed on read
(like a view, unlike the existing stored generated columns, which are
computed on write, like a materialized view).
The syntax for the column definition is
... GENERATED ALWAYS AS (...) VIRTUAL
and VIRTUAL is also optional. VIRTUAL is the default rather than
STORED to match various other SQL products. (The SQL standard makes
no specification about this, but it also doesn't know about VIRTUAL or
STORED.) (Also, virtual views are the default, rather than
materialized views.)
Virtual generated columns are stored in tuples as null values. (A
very early version of this patch had the ambition to not store them at
all. But so much stuff breaks or gets confused if you have tuples
where a column in the middle is completely missing. This is a
compromise, and it still saves space over being forced to use stored
generated columns. If we ever find a way to improve this, a bit of
pg_upgrade cleverness could allow for upgrades to a newer scheme.)
The capabilities and restrictions of virtual generated columns are
mostly the same as for stored generated columns. In some cases, this
patch keeps virtual generated columns more restricted than they might
technically need to be, to keep the two kinds consistent. Some of
that could maybe be relaxed later after separate careful
considerations.
Some functionality that is currently not supported, but could possibly
be added as incremental features, some easier than others:
- index on or using a virtual column
- hence also no unique constraints on virtual columns
- extended statistics on virtual columns
- foreign-key constraints on virtual columns
- not-null constraints on virtual columns (check constraints are supported)
- ALTER TABLE / DROP EXPRESSION
- virtual column cannot have domain type
- virtual columns are not supported in logical replication
The tests in generated_virtual.sql have been copied over from
generated_stored.sql with the keyword replaced. This way we can make
sure the behavior is mostly aligned, and the differences can be
visible. Some tests for currently not supported features are
currently commented out.
Reviewed-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a368248e-69e4-40be-9c07-6c3b5880b0a6@eisentraut.org
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Most GUCs that accept a special value to disable the feature
mention it in their GUC description. This commit adds that
information to autovacuum_vacuum_max_threshold's description.
Oversight in commit 306dc520b9.
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One way autovacuum chooses tables to vacuum is by comparing the
number of updated or deleted tuples with a value calculated using
autovacuum_vacuum_threshold and autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor.
The threshold specifies the base value for comparison, and the
scale factor specifies the fraction of the table size to add to it.
This strategy ensures that smaller tables are vacuumed after fewer
updates/deletes than larger tables, which is reasonable in many
cases but can result in infrequent vacuums on very large tables.
This is undesirable for a couple of reasons, such as very large
tables incurring a huge amount of bloat between vacuums.
This new parameter provides a way to set a limit on the value
calculated with autovacuum_vacuum_threshold and
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor so that very large tables are
vacuumed more frequently. By default, it is set to 100,000,000
tuples, but it can be disabled by setting it to -1. It can also be
adjusted for individual tables by changing storage parameters.
Author: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Frédéric Yhuel <frederic.yhuel@dalibo.com>
Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Michael Banck <mbanck@gmx.net>
Reviewed-by: Joe Conway <mail@joeconway.com>
Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vinícius Abrahão <vinnix.bsd@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Reviewed-by: Alena Rybakina <a.rybakina@postgrespro.ru>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/956435f8-3b2f-47a6-8756-8c54ded61802%40dalibo.com
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This commit adds WAL IO stats to both pg_stat_io view and per-backend IO
statistics (pg_stat_get_backend_io()). This change is possible since
f92c854cf406, as WAL IO is not counted in blocks in some code paths
where its stats data is measured (like WAL read in xlogreader.c).
IOContext gains IOCONTEXT_INIT and IOObject IOOBJECT_WAL, with the
following combinations allowed:
- IOOBJECT_WAL/IOCONTEXT_NORMAL is used to track I/O operations done on
already-created WAL segments.
- IOOBJECT_WAL/IOCONTEXT_INIT is used for tracking I/O operations done
when initializing WAL segments.
The core changes are done in pg_stat_io.c, backend statistics inherit
them. Backend statistics and pg_stat_io are now available for the WAL
writer, the WAL receiver and the WAL summarizer processes.
I/O timing data is controlled by the GUC track_io_timing, like the
existing data of pg_stat_io for consistency. The timings related to
IOOBJECT_WAL show up if the GUC is enabled (disabled by default).
Bump pgstats file version, due to the additions in IOObject and
IOContext, impacting the amount of data written for the fixed-numbered
IO stats kind in the pgstats file.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot, Nitin Jadhav, Amit Kapila, Michael
Paquier, Melanie Plageman, Bharath Rupireddy
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ3AiQ+ZMxUuXnBpd0Rrh1YhwJ5FudkHg=JU0P+-W8T4Vg@mail.gmail.com
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This commit adds more documentation to pgstat_count_io_op_time() in
pgstat_io.c, explaining its internals for pgstat_count_buffer_*(),
pgBufferUsage and the contexts where these are used.
Extracted from a larger patch by the same author.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ3AiQ+ZMxUuXnBpd0Rrh1YhwJ5FudkHg=JU0P+-W8T4Vg@mail.gmail.com
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logging_collector was only mentioning stderr and csvlog, and forgot
about jsonlog. Oversight in dc686681e079, that has added support for
jsonlog in log_destination.
While on it, the description in the GUC table is tweaked to be more
consistent with the documentation and postgresql.conf.sample.
Author: Umar Hayat
Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat, Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD68Dp1K_vBYqBEukHw=1jF7e76t8aszGZTFL2ugi=H7r=a7MA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
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This refactors and simplifies various existing code to make use of the
new function.
Reviewed-by: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
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When syslogger.c was first written, we didn't want to assume that
all platforms have 64-bit ftello. But we've been assuming that
since v13 (cf commit 799d22461), so let's use that in syslogger.c
and allow log_rotation_size to range up to INT_MAX kilobytes.
The old code effectively limited log_rotation_size to 2GB regardless
of platform. While nobody's complained, that doesn't seem too far
away from what might be thought reasonable these days.
I noticed this while searching for instances of "1024L" in connection
with commit 041e8b95b. These were the last such instances.
(We still have instances of L-suffixed literals, but most of them
are associated with wait intervals for pg_usleep or similar functions.
I don't see any urgent reason to change that.)
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Consistently use "Size" (or size_t, or in some places int64 or double)
as the type for variables holding memory allocation sizes. In most
places variables' data types were fine already, but we had an ancient
habit of computing bytes from kilobytes-units GUCs with code like
"work_mem * 1024L". That risks overflow on Win64 where they did not
make "long" as wide as "size_t". We worked around that by restricting
such GUCs' ranges, so you couldn't set work_mem et al higher than 2GB
on Win64. This patch removes that restriction, after replacing such
calculations with "work_mem * (Size) 1024" or variants of that.
It should be noted that this patch was constructed by searching
outwards from the GUCs that have MAX_KILOBYTES as upper limit.
So I can't positively guarantee there are no other places doing
memory-size arithmetic in int or long variables. I do however feel
pretty confident that increasing MAX_KILOBYTES on Win64 is safe now.
Also, nothing in our code should be dealing in multiple-gigabyte
allocations without authorization from a relevant GUC, so it seems
pretty likely that this search caught everything that could be at
risk of overflow.
Author: Vladlen Popolitov <v.popolitov@postgrespro.ru>
Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1a01f0-66ec2d80-3b-68487680@27595217
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Once a replication slot is invalidated, it cannot be altered or used to
fetch changes. However, a process could still acquire an invalid slot and
fail later.
For example, if a process acquires a logical slot that was invalidated due
to wal_removed, it will eventually fail in CreateDecodingContext() when
attempting to access the removed WAL. Similarly, for physical replication
slots, even if the slot is invalidated and invalidation_reason is set to
wal_removed, the walsender does not currently check for invalidation when
starting physical replication. Instead, replication starts, and an error
is only reported later while trying to access WAL. Similarly, we prohibit
modifying slot properties for invalid slots but give the error for the
same after acquiring the slot.
This patch improves error handling by detecting invalid slots earlier at
the time of slot acquisition which is the first step. This also helped in
unifying different ERROR messages at different places and gave a
consistent message for invalid slots. This means that the message for
invalid slots will change to a generic message.
This will also be helpful for future patches where we are planning to
invalidate slots due to more reasons like idle_timeout because we don't
have to modify multiple places in such cases and avoid the chances of
missing out on a particular place.
Author: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond412@gmail.com>
Author: Bharath Rupireddy <bharath.rupireddyforpostgres@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABdArM6pBL5hPnSQ+5nEVMANcF4FCH7LQmgskXyiLY75TMnKpw@mail.gmail.com
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This allows users of the cumulative statistics to drop entries in the
shared hash stats table, deleting as well local references. Callers of
this function can optionally define a callback able to filter which
entries to drop, similarly to pgstat_reset_matching_entries() with its
callback do_reset().
pgstat_drop_all_entries() is refactored so as it uses this new function.
Author: Lukas Fitti
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAP53PkwuFbo3NkwZgxwNRMjMfqPEqidD-SggaoQ4ijotBVLJAA@mail.gmail.com
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This change adapts these functions to the machine's address width
without depending on "long" to be the right size. (It isn't on
Win64, for example.) While it seems unlikely anyone would care
to run with a stack depth limit exceeding 2GB, this is part of a
general push to avoid using type "long" to represent memory sizes.
It's convenient to use ssize_t rather than the perhaps-more-obvious
choice of size_t/Size, because the code involved depends on working
with a signed data type. Our MAX_KILOBYTES limit already ensures
that ssize_t will be sufficient to represent the maximum value of
max_stack_depth.
Extracted from a larger patch by Vladlen, plus additional hackery
by me.
Author: Vladlen Popolitov <v.popolitov@postgrespro.ru>
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1a01f0-66ec2d80-3b-68487680@27595217
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Some places spelled it "it's", which is short for "it is".
In passing, fix a couple other nearby grammatical errors.
Author: Jacob Brazeal <jacob.brazeal@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+COZaAO8g1KJCV0T48=CkJMjAnnfTGLWOATz+2aCh40c2Nm+g@mail.gmail.com
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The column added in commit e65dbc9927, pubgencols_type, was inconsistent
with the naming conventions of other columns in the pg_publication
catalog.
Author: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm1u-ufVOW-RUsXSooqzkpohxfZYy=z78fbcr_9Pq5hbCg@mail.gmail.com
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This commit adds four fields to the statistics of relations, aggregating
the amount of time spent for each operation on a relation:
- total_vacuum_time, for manual vacuum.
- total_autovacuum_time, for vacuum done by the autovacuum daemon.
- total_analyze_time, for manual analyze.
- total_autoanalyze_time, for analyze done by the autovacuum daemon.
This gives users the option to derive the average time spent for these
operations with the help of the related "count" fields.
Bump catalog version (for the catalog changes) and PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID
(for the additions in PgStat_StatTabEntry).
Author: Sami Imseih
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0uVOGBYmPEeGF2d1B_67tgNjKx_bKDuL+oUftuoz+=Y1g@mail.gmail.com
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The right mix of DDL and VACUUM could corrupt a catalog page header such
that PageIsVerified() durably fails, requiring a restore from backup.
This affects only catalogs that both have a syscache and have DDL code
that uses syscache tuples to construct updates. One of the test
permutations shows a variant not yet fixed.
This makes !TransactionIdIsValid(TM_FailureData.xmax) possible with
TM_Deleted. I think core and PGXN are indifferent to that.
Per bug #17821 from Alexander Lakhin. Back-patch to v13 (all supported
versions). The test case is v17+, since it uses INJECTION_POINT.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17821-dd8c334263399284@postgresql.org
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Assume twophase.c is the performance-sensitive caller, and preserve its
choice of unlikely() branch hint. Add some retrospective rationale for
that choice. Back-patch to v17, for the next commit to use it.
Reviewed (in earlier versions) by Michael Paquier.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17821-dd8c334263399284@postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250116010051.f3.nmisch@google.com
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The main motivation for this change is to have a process that can serialize
stats after all other processes have terminated. Serializing stats already
happens in checkpointer, even though walsenders can be active longer.
The only reason the current shutdown sequence does not actively cause problems
is that walsender currently does not generate any stats. However, there is an
upcoming patch changing that.
Another need for this change originates in the AIO patchset, where IO
workers (which, in some edge cases, can emit stats of their own) need to run
while the shutdown checkpoint is being written.
This commit changes the shutdown sequence so checkpointer is signalled (via
SIGINT) to trigger writing the shutdown checkpoint without also causing
checkpointer to exit. Once checkpointer wrote the shutdown checkpoint it
notifies postmaster via PMSIGNAL_XLOG_IS_SHUTDOWN and waits for the
termination signal (SIGUSR2, as before). Checkpointer now is terminated after
all children, other than dead-end children and logger, have been terminated,
tracked using the new PM_WAIT_CHECKPOINTER PMState.
Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/kgng5nrvnlv335evmsuvpnh354rw7qyazl73kdysev2cr2v5zu@m3cfzxicm5kp
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Useful for caseless matching. Similar to LOWER(), but avoids edge-case
problems with using LOWER() for caseless matching.
For collations that support it, CASEFOLD() handles characters with
more than two case variations or multi-character case variations. Some
characters may fold to uppercase. The results of case folding are also
more stable across Unicode versions than LOWER() or UPPER().
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/a1886ddfcd8f60cb3e905c93009b646b4cfb74c5.camel%40j-davis.com
Reviewed-by: Ian Lawrence Barwick
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Formerly, these cases threw an error "cannot cast jsonb null to type
<whatever>". That seems less than helpful though. It's also
inconsistent with the behavior of the ->> operator, which translates
JSON null to SQL NULL, as do some other jsonb functions.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3851203.1722552717@sss.pgh.pa.us
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Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/5b558da8-99fb-0a99-83dd-f72f05388517@enterprisedb.com
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The current boolean publish_generated_columns option only supports a
binary choice, which is insufficient for future enhancements where
generated columns can be of different types (e.g., stored or virtual). The
supported values for the publish_generated_columns option are 'none' and
'stored'.
Author: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d718d219-dd47-4a33-bb97-56e8fc4da994@eisentraut.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/B80D17B2-2C8E-4C7D-87F2-E5B4BE3C069E@gmail.com
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We've long had roman-numeral output support in to_char(),
but lacked the reverse conversion. Here it is.
Author: Hunaid Sohail <hunaidpgml@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Maciek Sakrejda <m.sakrejda@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMWA6ybh4M1VQqpmnu2tfSwO+3gAPeA8YKnMHVADeB=XDEvT_A@mail.gmail.com
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Most were introduced in the 17 timeframe. The ones in wparser_def.c are
very old.
I also changed "JSON path expression for column \"%s\" should return
single item without wrapper" to "JSON path expression for column \"%s\"
must return single item when no wrapper is requested" to avoid
ambiguity.
Backpatch to 17.
Crickets: https://postgr.es/m/202501131819.26ors7oouafu@alvherre.pgsql
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If a referenced UPDATE changes the temporal start/end times, shrinking
the span the row is valid, we get a false return from
ri_Check_Pk_Match(), but overlapping references may still be valid, if
their reference didn't overlap with the removed span.
We need to consider what span(s) are still provided in the referenced
table. Instead of returning that from ri_Check_Pk_Match(), we can
just look it up in the main SQL query.
Reported-by: Sam Gabrielsson <sam@movsom.se>
Author: Paul Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA+renyUApHgSZF9-nd-a0+OPGharLQLO=mDHcY4_qQ0+noCUVg@mail.gmail.com
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9aea73fc61d4 has added support for backend statistics, relying on
PgStat_EntryRef->pending for its data pending for flush. This design
lacks in flexibility, because the pending list does some memory
allocation, making it unsuitable if incrementing counters in critical
sections.
Pending data of backend statistics is reworked so the implementation
does not depend on PgStat_EntryRef->pending anymore, relying on a static
area of memory to store the counters that are flushed when stats are
reported to the pgstats dshash. An advantage of this approach is to
allow the pending data to be manipulated in critical sections; some
patches are under discussion and require that.
The pending data is tracked by PendingBackendStats, local to
pgstat_backend.c. Two routines are introduced to allow IO statistics to
update the backend-side counters. have_static_pending_cb and
flush_static_cb are used for the flush, instead of flush_pending_cb.
Author: Bertrand Drouvot, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/66efowskppsns35v5u2m7k4sdnl7yoz5bo64tdjwq7r5lhplrz@y7dme5xwh2r5
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The two callbacks have_fixed_pending_cb and flush_fixed_cb have been
introduced in fc415edf8ca8 to provide a way for fixed-numbered
statistics to control the flush of their data. These are renamed to
respectively have_static_pending_cb and flush_static_cb. The
restriction that these only apply to fixed-numbered stats is removed.
A follow-up patch will make use of them for backend statistics. This
stats kind is variable-numbered, and patches are under discussion to
track WAL data for IO and backend stats which cannot use
PgStat_EntryRef->pending as pending data would be touched in critical
sections, where no memory allocation can happen.
Per discussion with Andres Freund.
Author: Bertrand Drouvot
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/66efowskppsns35v5u2m7k4sdnl7yoz5bo64tdjwq7r5lhplrz@y7dme5xwh2r5
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The PG_UNICODE_FAST locale uses code point sort order (fast,
memcmp-based) combined with Unicode character semantics. The character
semantics are based on Unicode full case mapping.
Full case mapping can map a single codepoint to multiple codepoints,
such as "ß" uppercasing to "SS". Additionally, it handles
context-sensitive mappings like the "final sigma", and it uses
titlecase mappings such as "Dž" when titlecasing (rather than plain
uppercase mappings).
Importantly, the uppercasing of "ß" as "SS" is specifically mentioned
by the SQL standard. In Postgres, UCS_BASIC uses plain ASCII semantics
for case mapping and pattern matching, so if we changed it to use the
PG_UNICODE_FAST locale, it would offer better compliance with the
standard. For now, though, do not change the behavior of UCS_BASIC.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ddfd67928818f138f51635712529bc5e1d25e4e7.camel@j-davis.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/27bb0e52-801d-4f73-a0a4-02cfdd4a9ada@eisentraut.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut, Daniel Verite
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Generate tables from Unicode SpecialCasing.txt to support more
sophisticated case mapping behavior:
* support case mappings to multiple codepoints, such as "ß"
uppercasing to "SS"
* support conditional case mappings, such as the "final sigma"
* support titlecase variants, such as "dž" uppercasing to "DŽ" but
titlecasing to "Dž"
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ddfd67928818f138f51635712529bc5e1d25e4e7.camel@j-davis.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/27bb0e52-801d-4f73-a0a4-02cfdd4a9ada@eisentraut.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut, Daniel Verite
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Previously, hex_encode looked up each nibble of the input
separately. We now use a larger lookup table containing the two-byte
encoding of every possible input byte, resulting in a 1/3 reduction
in encoding time.
Reviewed by Tom Lane, Michael Paquier, Nathan Bossart, David Rowley
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANWCAZZvXuJMgqMN4u068Yqa19CEjS31tQKZp_qFFFbgYfaXqQ%40mail.gmail.com
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Remove the flex version checks from configure and meson. The cutoff
versions are all so ancient that this is no longer relevant, and what
the actual cutoff should be is a bit fuzzy.
This also removes the ancient behavior that configure would also
accept a "lex" program if it is actuall flex. This aligns the check
with meson in this respect.
For future reference, as of this commit, these are relevant flex
versions:
- The hard required minimum is flex 2.5.34 as of commit b1ef48980dd,
but this has not actually been tested.
- Prior to this, the minimum enforced by configure/meson was flex
2.5.35, which is the oldest present in the buildfarm right now.
- As of commit 6fdd5d95634, the oldest version that will compile
without warnings due to flex-generated code is flex 2.5.36.
- The oldest version that probably still has some practical relevance
is flex 2.5.37, which ships with CentOS/RHEL 7.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/1a204ccd-7ae6-478c-a431-407b5c48ccc6@eisentraut.org
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As written, it was triggering a compilation warning for old versions of
clang, as reported by buildfarm members ayu, batfish and demoiselle.
Forcing a cast with "unsigned int" should fix the warning.
While on it, the macro is moved to pgstat.h, closer to the declaration
of IOOp, per suggestion from Tom Lane.
Reported-by: Tom Lane
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot, Tom Lane, Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1272824.1736961543@sss.pgh.pa.us
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If a time zone abbreviation used in datetime input is defined in
the currently active timezone, use that definition in preference
to looking in the timezone_abbreviations list. That allows us to
correctly handle abbreviations that have different meanings in
different timezones. Also, it eliminates an inconsistency between
datetime input and datetime output: the non-ISO datestyles for
timestamptz have always printed abbreviations taken from the IANA
data, not from timezone_abbreviations. Before this fix, it was
possible to demonstrate cases where casting a timestamp to text
and back fails or changes the value significantly because of that
inconsistency.
While this change removes the ability to override the IANA data about
an abbreviation known in the current zone, it's not clear that there's
any real use-case for doing so. But it is clear that this makes life
a lot easier for dealing with abbreviations that have conflicts across
different time zones.
Also update the pg_timezone_abbrevs view to report abbreviations
that are recognized via the IANA data, and *not* report any
timezone_abbreviations entries that are thereby overridden.
Under the hood, there are now two SRFs, one that pulls the IANA
data and one that pulls timezone_abbreviations entries. They're
combined by logic in the view. This approach was useful for
debugging (since the functions can be called on their own).
While I don't intend to document the functions explicitly,
they might be useful to call directly.
Also improve DecodeTimezoneAbbrev's caching logic so that it can
cache zone abbreviations found in the IANA data. Without that,
this patch would have caused a noticeable degradation of the
runtime of timestamptz_in.
Per report from Aleksander Alekseev and additional investigation.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJ7c6TOATjJqvhnYsui0=CO5XFMF4dvTGH+skzB--jNhqSQu5g@mail.gmail.com
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This allows the RETURNING list of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE queries
to explicitly return old and new values by using the special aliases
"old" and "new", which are automatically added to the query (if not
already defined) while parsing its RETURNING list, allowing things
like:
RETURNING old.colname, new.colname, ...
RETURNING old.*, new.*
Additionally, a new syntax is supported, allowing the names "old" and
"new" to be changed to user-supplied alias names, e.g.:
RETURNING WITH (OLD AS o, NEW AS n) o.colname, n.colname, ...
This is useful when the names "old" and "new" are already defined,
such as inside trigger functions, allowing backwards compatibility to
be maintained -- the interpretation of any existing queries that
happen to already refer to relations called "old" or "new", or use
those as aliases for other relations, is not changed.
For an INSERT, old values will generally be NULL, and for a DELETE,
new values will generally be NULL, but that may change for an INSERT
with an ON CONFLICT ... DO UPDATE clause, or if a query rewrite rule
changes the command type. Therefore, we put no restrictions on the use
of old and new in any DML queries.
Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Jian He and Jeff Davis.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCWx0J0-v=Qjc6gXzR=KtsdvAE7Ow=D=mu50AgOe+pvisQ@mail.gmail.com
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The "does not exist" error in object_aclmask_ext() was written as
ereport(), suggesting that it is user-facing. This is problematic:
get_object_class_descr() is meant to be for internal errors only and
does not support translation.
For the has_xxx_privilege functions, the error has not been
user-facing since commit 403ac226ddd. The remaining users are
pg_database_size() and pg_tablespace_size(). The call stack here is
pretty deep and this dependency is not obvious. Here we can put in an
explicit existence check with a bespoke error message early in the
function.
Then we can downgrade the error in object_aclmask_ext() to a normal
"cache lookup failed" internal error.
Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/da2f8942-be6d-48d0-ac1c-a053370a6b1f@eisentraut.org
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RowCompareType served as a way to describe the fundamental meaning of
an operator, notionally independent of an operator class (although so
far this was only really supported for btrees). Its original purpose
was for use inside RowCompareExpr, and it has also found some small
use outside, such as for get_op_btree_interpretation().
We want to expand this now, as a more general way to describe operator
semantics for other index access methods, including gist (to improve
GistTranslateStratnum()) and others not written yet. To avoid future
confusion, we rename the type to CompareType and the symbols from
ROWCOMPARE_XXX to COMPARE_XXX to reflect their more general purpose.
Reviewed-by: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
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ca9c6a5680d consolidated most of the vacuum-related GUCs' documentation
into a new subsection. af2317652d5daf8b then enforced this order in
postgresql.conf.sample. This commit reorganizes the GUC groups in
guc_tables.c/h to match the updated ordering in the docs.
Reported-by: Álvaro Herrera
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera, Alena Rybakina
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202501132046.m4mcvxxswznu%40alvherre.pgsql
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The overwhelming majority of places already did this, but a small
handful of places had a hyphen.
Yugo Nagata.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCXnnuORE2BoGwHw2zbtVvsPOLhbfVmEk9GxRzK%2Bx3OW-Q%40mail.gmail.com
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If a new catalog tuple is inserted that belongs to a catcache list
entry, and cache invalidation happens while the list entry is being
built, the list entry might miss the newly inserted tuple.
To fix, change the way we detect concurrent invalidations while a
catcache entry is being built. Keep a stack of entries that are being
built, and apply cache invalidation to those entries in addition to
the real catcache entries. This is similar to the in-progress list in
relcache.c.
Back-patch to all supported versions.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/2234dc98-06fe-42ed-b5db-ac17384dc880@iki.fi
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An equivalent check is done with pgstat_is_ioop_tracked_in_bytes(), so
there is no need for this extra one. Small cleanup that should have
been included in f92c854cf406.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0oqxBaaHAEsj=xFqkzE3n5P=3RA1V_igXwL-RV7QRzyw@mail.gmail.com
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Currently in pg_stat_io view, IOs are counted as blocks of size
BLCKSZ. There are two limitations with this design:
* The actual number of I/O requests sent to the kernel is lower because
I/O requests may be merged before being sent. Additionally, it gives
the impression that all I/Os are done in block size, which shadows the
benefits of merging I/O requests.
* Some patches are under work to extend pg_stat_io for the tracking of
operations that may not be linked to the block size. For example, WAL
read IOs are done in variable bytes and it is not possible to correctly
show these IOs in pg_stat_io view, and we want to keep all this data in
a single system view rather than spread it across multiple relations to
ease monitoring.
WaitReadBuffers() can now be tracked as a single read operation
worth N blocks. Same for ExtendBufferedRelShared() and
ExtendBufferedRelLocal() for extensions.
Three columns are added to pg_stat_io for reads, writes and extensions
for the byte calculations. op_bytes, which was always hardcoded to
BLCKSZ, is removed. IO backend statistics are updated to reflect these
changes.
Bump catalog version.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot, Melanie Plageman
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0oqxBaaHAEsj=xFqkzE3n5P=3RA1V_igXwL-RV7QRzyw@mail.gmail.com
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ca9c6a5680d consolidated most of vacuum-related GUCs' documentation into
a new subsection. It neglected, however, to reorganize
postgresql.conf.sample to match the new order. Do this now.
Reported-by: Álvaro Herrera
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202501110902.5banlseavz7c%40alvherre.pgsql
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Commit 27a1f8d108 missed updating the max HBA option count to
account for the new option added. Fix by bumping the counter
and adjust the relevant comment to match. Backpatch down to
all supported branches like the erroneous commit.
Reported-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/286764.1736697356@sss.pgh.pa.us
Backpatch-through: v13
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When deparsing a JsonExpr, variable names in the PASSING clause were
not quoted. However, since they are parsed as ColLabel tokens, some
variable names require double quotes to ensure that they are properly
interpreted. Fix by using quote_identifier() in the deparsing code.
This oversight was limited to the SQL/JSON query functions
JSON_EXISTS(), JSON_QUERY(), and JSON_VALUE().
Back-patch to v17, where these functions were added.
Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Tom Lane.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCXTpAS%3DncfLNTZ7YS6O5puHeLg_SUYAit%2Bcs7wsrd9Msg%40mail.gmail.com
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When deparsing an XMLTABLE() expression, XML namespace names were not
quoted. However, since they are parsed as ColLabel tokens, some names
require double quotes to ensure that they are properly interpreted.
Fix by using quote_identifier() in the deparsing code.
Back-patch to all supported versions.
Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Tom Lane.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCXTpAS%3DncfLNTZ7YS6O5puHeLg_SUYAit%2Bcs7wsrd9Msg%40mail.gmail.com
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This adds support for the NOT ENFORCED/ENFORCED flag for constraints,
with support for check constraints.
The plan is to eventually support this for foreign key constraints,
where it is typically more useful.
Note that CHECK constraints do not currently support ALTER operations,
so changing the enforceability of an existing constraint isn't
possible without dropping and recreating it. This could be added
later.
Author: Amul Sul <amul.sul@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Triveni N <triveni.n@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAAJ_b962c5AcYW9KUt_R_ER5qs3fUGbe4az-SP-vuwPS-w-AGA@mail.gmail.com
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The ldapscheme option was missed when inspecing the HbaLine for
assembling rows for the pg_hba_file_rules function. Backpatch
to all supported versions.
Author: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reported-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Bug: 18769
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18769-dd8610cbc0405172@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: v13
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The pgstat_count_io_op() function, which counts a single I/O operation,
wraps pgstat_count_io_op_n() with a counter value of 1. The latter is
declared in pgstat.h and used nowhere in the code, so let's remove it in
favor of the former.
This change makes also the code more symmetric with
pgstat_count_io_op_time(), that already uses a similar set of arguments,
except that it counts also the I/O time. This will ease a bit the
integration of a follow-up patch that adds byte-level tracking in
pg_stat_io for some of its attributes, lifting the current restriction
based on BLCKSZ as all I/O operations are assumed to be block-based.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ32ze812=yjyZg1QeXhKvACUM_Nu0_gyPQcUKKuVHL5xA@mail.gmail.com
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This commit changes the way pending backend statistics are tracked by
moving them into a new structure called PgStat_BackendPending, removing
PgStat_BackendPendingIO. PgStat_BackendPending currently only includes
PgStat_PendingIO for the pending I/O stats.
pgstat_flush_backend() is extended with a "flags" argument to control
which parts of the stats of a backend should be flushed.
With this refactoring, it becomes easier to plug into backend statistics
more data. A patch to add information related to WAL in this stats kind
is under discussion.
Author: Bertrand Drouvot
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z3zqc4o09dM/Ezyz@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
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Previously, behavior branched based on the provider. A method table is
less error-prone and more flexible.
The ctype behavior will be addressed in an upcoming commit.
Reviewed-by: Andreas Karlsson
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2830211e1b6e6a2e26d845780b03e125281ea17b.camel%40j-davis.com
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