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<Chapter Id="runtime">
<Title>Runtime Environment</Title>
<Para>
This chapter outlines the interaction between <Productname>Postgres</Productname> and
the operating system.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Using <Productname>Postgres</Productname> from Unix</title>
<para>
All <Productname>Postgres</Productname> commands that are executed
directly from a Unix shell are
found in the directory <quote>.../bin</quote>. Including this directory in
your search path will make executing the commands easier.
</para>
<para>
A collection of system catalogs exist at each site. These include a
class (<literal>pg_user</literal>) that contains an instance for each valid
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> user. The instance specifies a set of
<Productname>Postgres</Productname> privileges, such as
the ability to act as <Productname>Postgres</Productname> super-user,
the ability to create/destroy
databases, and the ability to update the system catalogs. A Unix
user cannot do anything with <Productname>Postgres</Productname>
until an appropriate instance is
installed in this class. Further information on the system catalogs
is available by running queries on the appropriate classes.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="layout">
<Title>System Layout</Title>
<Para>
<Figure Id="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
<Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> file layout</Title>
<Graphic Align="center" FileRef="layout.gif" Format="GIF"></Graphic>
</Figure>
<XRef LinkEnd="ADMIN-LAYOUT" EndTerm="ADMIN-LAYOUT">
shows how the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> distribution is laid
out when installed in the default way. For simplicity,
we will assume that <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
has been installed in the
directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. Therefore, wherever
you see the directory <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> you should
substitute the name of the directory where
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is
actually installed.
All <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> commands are installed
in the directory
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename>. Therefore, you should add
this directory to your shell command path. If you use
a variant of the Berkeley C shell, such as csh or tcsh,
you would add
<ProgramListing>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin path )
</ProgramListing>
in the .login file in your home directory. If you use
a variant of the Bourne shell, such as sh, ksh, or
bash, then you would add
<ProgramListing>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin PATH
export PATH
</ProgramListing>
to the .profile file in your home directory.
From now on, we will assume that you have added the
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> bin directory to your path.
In addition, we
will make frequent reference to "setting a shell
variable" or "setting an environment variable" throughout
this document. If you did not fully understand the
last paragraph on modifying your search path, you
should consult the UNIX manual pages that describe your
shell before going any further.
</Para>
<Para>
If you have not set things up in the
default way, you may have some more work to do.
For example, if the database server machine is a remote machine, you
will need to set the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable to the name
of the database server machine. The environment variable
<envar>PGPORT</envar> may also have to be set. The bottom line is this: if
you try to start an application program and it complains
that it cannot connect to the <Application>postmaster</Application>,
you must go back and make sure that your
environment is properly set up.
</Para>
</Chapter>
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