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<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-2">
<title>General commands of µCsim</title>
</head>
<body style=" background-color: white;">
<h2>General commands of <i>µCsim</i></h2>
<h3><a name="analyse">analyse|analyze [<i>addr</i>]</a></h3>
<p>Runs the <a href="analyzer.html">analyser</a> to identify code.
If an address is given it is taken as the starting point and the results
added to any existing analysis. If no address is given or a file is loaded
into memory using the <a href="cmd_memory.html#file">file,load</a> command
any existing analysis is cleared and a new one created using all the known
hardware vectors as starting points.</p>
<h3><a name="conf">conf</a></h3>
Conf command can be used to display different kind of information
about <i>µCsim</i>. It can be followed by a subcommand:
<p><a href="#conf_">conf</a>
<br>conf <a href="#conf_objects">objects</a>
<br>conf <a href="#conf_types">types</a>
</p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="conf_">conf</a></h4>
This command (without a subcommand) prints out configuration of
the simulator:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">conf</font>
ucsim version 0.5.0-pre3
Type of microcontroller: 51 CMOS
Controller has 9 hardware element(s).
timer0[0]
timer1[1]
uart[0]
port[0]
port[1]
port[2]
port[3]
irq[0]
_51_dummy[0]
0>
</pre> First line contains version number of the program. Second line informs
about type of the simulated microcontroller. Third line prints out how
many hardware elements are simulated.
<h4><a name="conf_types">conf <i>types</i></a></h4>
Print out all available CPU types
like <a href="invoke.html#H_option">-H option</a> of the
simulator.
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">conf types</font>
Parameter Family Subtype
C52 mcs52 cmos
51 mcs51 hmos
8051 mcs51 hmos
8751 mcs51 hmos
C51 mcs51 cmos
80C51 mcs51 cmos
87C51 mcs51 cmos
31 mcs51 hmos
8031 mcs51 hmos
C31 mcs51 cmos
80C31 mcs51 cmos
52 mcs52 hmos
8052 mcs51 hmos
8752 mcs51 hmos
80C52 mcs51 cmos
87C52 mcs51 cmos
32 mcs51 hmos
8032 mcs51 hmos
C32 mcs51 cmos
80C32 mcs51 cmos
F380 Silabs F380 cmos
51R Intel mcs51R cmos
51RA Intel mcs51R cmos
51RB Intel mcs51R cmos
51RC Intel mcs51R cmos
C51R Intel mcs51R cmos
C51RA Intel mcs51R cmos
C51RB Intel mcs51R cmos
C51RC Intel mcs51R cmos
89C51R 89C51R cmos
C521 AMD 80C521 cmos
521 AMD 80C521 cmos
251 Intel mcs251 cmos
C251 Intel mcs251 cmos
517 Siemens C517 cmos
C517 Siemens C517 cmos
88X Infineon XC88[68] cmos
886 Infineon XC88[68] cmos
888 Infineon XC88[68] cmos
XC88X Infineon XC88[68] cmos
XC886 Infineon XC88[68] cmos
XC888 Infineon XC88[68] cmos
DS320 Dallas DS80C320 cmos
DS390 Dallas DS80C390 cmos
DS390F Dallas DS80C390F cmos
0>
</pre>
<h4><a name="conf_objects">conf <i>objects</i></a></h4>
This command is for development only.
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h3><a name="version">version</a></h3>
Print out the version of the program.
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">ver</font>
0.6-pre58
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<h3><a name="h">?,help <i>[command]</i></a></h3>
Help command. It prints out short description of the commands.
<p>If a command name is given as parameter then <i>?Csim</i> prints out all
command that has similar names: </p>
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">? s</font>
show subcommand Generic command for showing things about the uCsim
set subcommand Set, see `set' command for more help
stop Stop
step Step
state State of microcontroller
statistic [mem [startaddr [endaddr]]]
Statistic of memory accesses
0> <font color="#118811">? s o</font>
show option [name] Show internal data of options
set option name|nr value
Set value of an option
0>
</pre> Some commands have more than one name which can produce interesting
result:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">? t r</font>
timer delete id Delete a timer
timer start id Start a timer
0>
</pre> It looks that names of listed subcommands start with no "r" but take a
closer look on that commands:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">? t d</font>
timer delete id Delete a timer
Names of command: delete remove
long help of timer delete
0> <font color="#118811">? t start</font>
timer start id Start a timer
Names of command: run start
long help of timer run
0> </pre>
<p>If parameter is unique name of a command then long description of the
command is printed out. </p>
<hr>
<h3><a name="q">quit</a></h3>
Quit. This command terminates actual console, it does not ask you to confirm
your intention. Simulator always reads commands from a file so end of file
condition finishes too.
<p>If networks server function is not turned of by <a href="invoke.html@zoption">-z option</a> and
some active connections are opened then quit will close the actual
console only and will not finish <i>µCsim</i>. Quit command
must be used on all consoles to completly exit, quit on last
console will exit the program.
<p>Note that if <a href="invoke.html#Zoption">-Z option</a> was used at
invocation then the quit command does not terminate the simulator program.
In this case <a href="#kill">kill</a> command can be used to terminate
the simulator. See for more information about <a href="mulcons.html">using
multiple consoles</a>. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51</font>
ucsim 0.2.24, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
> <font color="#118811">q</font>
$ </pre>
<hr>
<h3><a name="kill">kill</a></h3>
This command terminates the simulator. It does not ask for confirmation. It
doesn't matter how many consoles are used and what commands are running on
them.
<hr>
<h3><a name="exec">exec <i>"file"</i></a></h3>
Reads commands from "file" and executes them. This command opens a new
console (which will use same in/out file as the actual one) to execute the
file. This means the "quit" command in the file will not exit the simulator:
<pre>drdani@emma:~$ <font color="#118811">cat /tmp/x</font>
get opt
quit
conf
drdani@emma:~$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51</font>
uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">exec "/tmp/x"</font>
1> get opt
0. config_file(by application) is hidden!
1. console_on(by application) is hidden!
2. cpu_type(by application) is hidden!
3. debug(by console1): FALSE - Debug messages to console1
4. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
5. debug(by application): FALSE - Print debug messages (-V)
6. irq_stop(by mcs51_controller): FALSE - Stop when IRQ accepted
7. null_prompt(by application): FALSE - Use \0 as prompt (-P)
8. prompt(by console1): "" - Prompt string of console1
9. prompt(by console0): "" - Prompt string of console0
10. prompt(by application): (null) - String of prompt (-p)
11. serial_in_file(by application) is hidden!
12. serial_out_file(by application) is hidden!
13. xtal(by application): 11059200.000 - Frequency of XTAL in Hz
1> quit
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<h3><a name="expression">expression [/format] <i>expr</i></a></h3>
Executes "expr" as an expression. For more about expressions, see <a href="syntax.html">command
syntax</a>.
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">expr 1+2</font>
3
0> <font color="#118811">expr xram[256*dph+dpl]= &sp</font>
129
0>
</pre>
Following formats are supported:
<ul>
<li><b>x</b> hexadecimal</li>
<li><b>X</b> hexadecimal prefixed with <tt>0x</tt></li>
<li><b>0</b> 8 character long hexadecimal prefixed with <tt>0x</tt></li>
<li><b>d</b> signed decimal</li>
<li><b>o</b> octal</li>
<li><b>u</b> unsigned decimal</li>
<li><b>b</b> binary</li>
<li><b>B</b> logical value as one bit</li>
<li><b>L</b> logical value in T/F form</li>
<li><b>c</b> chacter constant in 'c' form (non-printable values are
escaped in c syntax)</li>
</ul>
If more than one format character is used then all requested form will be
printed:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">expr /bx 123</font>
00000000000000000000000001111011
7b
0> </pre>
<hr>
<h3><a name="echo">echo param...</a></h3>
Print all parameters separated by one space.
<hr>
<h3><a name="show">show</a></h3>
Show command can be used to display different kind of information. It must
be followed by a subcommand. Subcommands are:
<p>show <a href="#show_copying">copying</a> <br>
show <a href="#show_warranty">warranty</a> <br>
show <a href="#show_option">option</a> <br>
show <a href="#show_error">error</a> </p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="show_copying">show copying</a></h4>
This command can be used to list licensing information. It is first 10
point of the version 2 of GNU General Public License. If you do not accept
GPL simply do not use the program.
<hr>
<h4><a name="show_warranty">show warranty</a></h4>
This command prints out last 2 point of the license ("NO WARRANTY"
message).
<hr>
<h4><a name="show_option">show option</a></h4>
This command is for development only.
<hr>
<h4><a name="show_error">show error</a></h4>
Errors or warnings are events which can happen in the simulated system
during simulation. Report of that events can be turned on or off using <a
href="#set_error"><b>set error</b></a> command. Errors are organized in
parent-child relationship. Children are listed under the parent:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">sh er</font>
Error: non-classified [on/ON]
Error: memory [on/ON]
Error: invalid_address [unset/ON]
Error: non_decoded [unset/ON]
Error: stack [off/OFF]
Error: stack_tracker [unset/OFF]
Error: stack_tracker_wrong_handle [unset/OFF]
Error: operation_on_empty_stack [unset/OFF]
Warning: stack_operation_unmatched_to_top_of_stack [unset/OFF]
Warning: stack_looks_corrupted [unset/OFF]
0> </pre>
First element is the type (Error or Warning). Error stops the simulation.
Warning is just reported and simulation goes on. Next element is the name
of the error. Last element shows actual value and state. Value can be:
<dl>
<dt><b>on</b></dt>
<dd>state is ON </dd>
<dt><b>off</b></dt>
<dd>state is OFF </dd>
<dt><b>unset</b></dt>
<dd>state is inherited from the parent. </dd>
</dl>
If state is <b>ON</b> and the event happens, it is reported. If state is
<b>OFF</b> then the event is silently ignored. </blockquote>
<hr>
<h3><a name="get">get</a></h3>
This command can be used to get value of various kind of things. It requires
a subcommand to specify what is going to be set. Known subcommands are:
<p>get <a href="#get_sfr">sfr</a> <br>
get <a href="#get_option">option</a> <br>
get <a href="#get_error">error</a> </p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="get_sfr">get sfr <i>address...</i></a></h4>
This command can be used to check values of SFR location(s) if SFR exists
in simulated memory. Note that <a href="cmd_dump.html#dump_memory">dump
memory</a> or <a href="cmd_dump.html#ds">ds</a> can be used as well.
<p>Parameters are interpreted as SFR names or addresses and values of
addressed locations are dumped out. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 </font>
ucsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">get sfr pcon p1 0 0x80 kahd scon 256</font>
0x87 00 .
0x90 ff .
Warning: Invalid address 0
0x80 ff .
Warning: Invalid address kahd
0x98 00 .
Warning: Invalid address 256
0> </pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="get_option">get option <i>[name]</i></a></h4>
Get actual value of option(s). Some options can be set by <a href="#set_option"><b>set
option</b></a> to modify behaviour of the simulator. Using <b>get
option</b> you can get actual value of these options. If you use this
command without parameter you get list of all options known by the
program. In this way you can figure out which options can be used.
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 -V</font>
ucsim 0.5.0, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">get opt</font>
3. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
4. debug(by application): FALSE - Print debug messages (-V)
5. irq_stop(by mcs51_controller): FALSE - Stop when IRQ accepted
6. null_prompt(by application): FALSE - Use \0 as prompt (-P)
7. prompt(by console0): "" - Prompt string of console0
8. prompt(by application): (null) - String of prompt (-p)
11. xtal(by application): 11059200.000 - Frequency of XTAL in Hz
0>
</pre> First element of the list is the number of the option. It is followed by
name of the option (<b>debug</b>, <b>irq_stop</b>, etc.). Number or the
name can be used to identify the option in <b>get option</b> and <a href="#set_option"><b>set
option</b></a> command. Next element shows which part of the simulator
created the option.
<p>Next element of the list is the value of the option. It can be an
integer or a floating point number, a string or a boolean value. </p>
<p>Last part describes the option. </p>
<p>Some options can have same name. An example is the <b>debug</b>
option. One is created by the application to store value given by -V
(see <a href="invoke.html">invocation</a>). This will be used as
default value when a new instance of a console is created: </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">cat /tmp/x</font>
get opt debug
$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51</font>
uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">get opt debug</font>
3. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
4. debug(by application): FALSE - Print debug messages (-V)
0> <font color="#118811">set opt 4 1</font>
0> <font color="#118811">get opt debug</font>
3. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
4. debug(by application): TRUE - Print debug messages (-V)
0> <font color="#118811">exec "/tmp/x"</font>
1> get opt debug
3. debug(by console1): TRUE - Debug messages to console1
4. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
5. debug(by application): TRUE - Print debug messages (-V)
1>
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="get_error">get error</a></h4>
Same as <a href="#show_error">show error</a>. </blockquote>
<hr>
<h3><a name="set">set</a></h3>
This command can be used to set various kind of things. It requires a
subcommand to specify what is going to be set. Known subcommands are:
<p>set <a href="#set_option">option</a> <br>
set <a href="#set_error">error</a> <br>
set <a href="#set_memory">memory</a> <br>
set <a href="#set_bit">bit</a> <br>
set <a href="#set_hardware">hardware</a> </p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="set_option">set option <i>name|nr value</i></a></h4>
<p>Set option value. Options described at (<a href="#get_option"><b>get
option</b></a>) command can be set using this command. First
parameter must be an option name or number and second the new value.
Interpretation of the value depends on type of the option. Value for a
boolean type of option interpreted as follows: if first character of the
value is one of <tt>1</tt>, <tt>t</tt>, <tt>T</tt>, <tt>y</tt>, <tt>Y</tt>
then value will be TRUE otherwise it will be FALSE. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 -V</font>
uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
> <font color="#118811">get opt</font>
0. config_file(by application) is hidden!
1. console_on(by application) is hidden!
2. cpu_type(by application) is hidden!
3. debug(by console0): TRUE - Debug messages to console0
4. debug(by application): TRUE - Print debug messages (-V)
5. irq_stop(by mcs51_controller): FALSE - Stop when IRQ accepted
6. null_prompt(by application): FALSE - Use \0 as prompt (-P)
7. prompt(by console0): "" - Prompt string of console0
8. prompt(by application): (null) - String of prompt (-p)
9. serial_in_file(by application) is hidden!
10. serial_out_file(by application) is hidden!
11. xtal(by application): 11059200.000 - Frequency of XTAL in Hz
> <font color="#118811">set opt debug f</font>
Ambiguous option name, use number instead
> <font color="#118811">set opt 3 f</font>
> <font color="#118811">get opt debug</font>
3. debug(by console0): FALSE - Debug messages to console0
4. debug(by application): TRUE - Print debug messages (-V)
> </pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_error">set error <i>error_name on|off|unset</i></a></h4>
This command can be used to set if an error event should be reported or
not. Actual settings can be retrieved by <a href="show_error">show error</a>
command.<br>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_console">set console <i>interactive
[on|off]|noninteractive|raw|edited</i>
</a></h4>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_console_hw">set console <i>hw</i></a></h4>
<p>Open <a href="display.html">peripheral display</a> of <i>hw</i>.</p>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_memory">set memory <i>memory_type address data...</i></a></h4>
This command can be used to modify content of any simulated memory. First
parameter must be a class name to specify type of memory. Class names can
be checked by <a href="cmd_general.html#info_memory">info memory</a>
command. Chips and address spaces can be used as well.
<p>Second parameter specifies start address of the modification. </p>
<p>Remaining parameters will be written into the memory starting at
address specified by second parameter. Data list can include numbers as
well as strings. See <a href="syntax.html">syntax</a> for more details.
</p>
<p>Modified memory locations will be dumped out. </p>
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">set mem xram 1 "ab\tcd\0ef\012ghq" 2 "ABC"</font>
0x0001 61 62 09 63 64 00 65 66 ab.cd.ef
0x0009 0a 67 68 71 02 41 42 43 .ghq.ABC
0> <font color="#118811">set mem sfr pcon 0x34</font>
0x87 34 4
0> <font color="#118811">set mem xram_chip 1 2</font>
0x0001 02 .
0> </pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_bit">set bit <i>address 0|1</i></a></h4>
Set one bit to 0 or 1. First parameter specifies the bit. It can be the
address of the bit (number or symbolic name) or it can be specified in <i>address<b>.</b>bitnumber</i>
format where <i>address</i> addresses SFR area and <i>bitnumber</i> is
number of bit in specified SFR location. Using this syntax any SFR (and
8051's internal RAM) location can be modified it need not be really bit
addressable.
<p>Second parameter interpreted as 1 if it is not zero. </p>
<p>Modified memory location is dumped out. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 </font>
ucsim 0.2.38-pre2, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
> <font color="#118811">set bit tf1 1</font>
0x88 80 .
> <font color="#118811">set bit 130 0</font>
0x80 fb .
> <font color="#118811">set bit pcon.2 1</font>
0x87 04 .
> <font color="#118811">set bit 10.7 1</font>
0x0a 80 .
>
</pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="set_hardware">set hardware <i>hardware_id data</i></a></h4>
This command can be used to set value into a hardware element of the
controller (<a href="#conf">conf</a> command lists them).
<p>Actually only <b>port</b> element of MCS51 accepts this method. It can
be used to set value of external circuits which connected to ports of
simulated controller. First parameter specifies port element (as an
array), second is the new value. </p>
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">conf</font>
Type of microcontroller: 51 CMOS
Controller has 9 hardware element(s).
timer0[0]
timer1[1]
uart[0]
port[0]
port[1]
port[2]
port[3]
irq[0]
_51_dummy[0]
0> <font color="#118811">set hw port[0] 12</font>
0> <font color="#118811">i h po[0]</font>
port[0]
P0 11111111 0xff 255 . (Value in SFR register)
Pin0 00001100 0x0c 12 . (Output of outside circuits)
Port0 00001100 0x0c 12 . (Value on the port pins)
0> <font color="#118811">set hw port[0] 23</font>
0> <font color="#118811">i h po[0]</font>
port[0]
P0 11111111 0xff 255 . (Value in SFR register)
Pin0 00010111 0x17 23 . (Output of outside circuits)
Port0 00010111 0x17 23 . (Value on the port pins)
0> <font color="#118811">set hw irq[0] 12</font>
Nothing to do
0>
</pre> </blockquote>
<hr>
<h3><a name="state">state</a></h3>
State of the simulator and the simulated microcontroller:
<pre>> <font color="#118811">state</font>
CPU state= OK PC= 0x009c6c XTAL= 1.10592e+07
Operation since last reset= (51682412 vclks)
Inst= 51682412 Fetch= 51682412 Read= 0 Write= 0
Total time since last reset= 56.079 sec (620188944 clks)
Time in isr = 0 sec (0 clks) 0%
Time in idle= 0 sec (0 clks) 0%
Max value of stack pointer= 0x000007, avg= 0x000003
Simulation: stopped
>
</pre> The "CPU state" in the first line is an internal information. PC is value
of the program counter. First line shows XTAL frequency too.
<p>Following lines contain information about simulated time. First, full
simulated time (elapsed from last reset) is printed out in seconds and
number of clock periods then same data is printed out about time spent in
interrupt service routines as well as in idle mode. Last data in lines of
ISR and IDLE time shows ratio of ISRs, Idle times and main program. </p>
<p>Last lines inform about maximum value of the stack pointer and a "not
very well" calculated average value of it, and if the simulation is
running or stopped. </p>
<hr>
<h3><a name="reset">reset [hw]</a></h3>
Reset command. It resets the microcontroller. It has same effect as active
signal on the RST pin.
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 -V remoansi.hex</font>
ucsim 0.2.24, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
58659 bytes read from remoansi.hex
> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 . ACC= 0x00 0 . B= 0x00 DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00 0 .
000000 00 . PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
000000 02 01 60 LJMP 0160
> <font color="#118811">s</font>
000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 . ACC= 0x00 0 . B= 0x00 DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00 0 .
000000 00 . PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
000160 c2 90 CLR P1.0
> <font color="#118811">s</font>
000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 . ACC= 0x00 0 . B= 0x00 DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00 0 .
000000 00 . PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
000162 c2 97 CLR P1.7
> <font color="#118811">res</font>
> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........
000000 00 . ACC= 0x00 0 . B= 0x00 DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x00 0 .
000000 00 . PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
000000 02 01 60 LJMP 0160
> </pre>
Optional parameter can be the ID of a peripheral, a hardware
element. In this case the specified peripheral will be reseted only.
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_p1516</font>
uCsim 0.8.9, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">conf</font>
ucsim version 0.8.9
Type of microcontroller: p2223-2.2.1
Controller has 17 hardware element(s).
on simif[0]
off vcd[0]
on dreg[0]
on pa[0]
on pb[0]
on pc[0]
on pd[0]
on pi[0]
on pj[0]
on uart[0]
on clock[0]
on dport[0]
on oports[0]
on iports[0]
on n4ddr[0]
on boolean[0]
on logsys[0]
0> <font color="#118811">reset uart</font>
0> </pre>
<hr>
<h3><a name="info">info</a></h3>
This command prints out information about different things which must be
specified as parameter to the command. Following subcommands are known:
<p>info <a href="#info_breakpoints">breakpoints</a> <br>
info <a href="#info_registers">registers</a> <br>
info <a href="#info_hardware">hardware</a> <br>
info <a href="#info_memory">memory</a> <br>
info <a href="#info_variables">variables</a> <br>
info <a href="#info_history">history</a> </p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="info_breakpoints">info breakpoints</a></h4>
This subcommand prints out information about breakpoints:
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">b 12</font>
Breakpoint 1 at 0x00000c: MOV R7,A
0> <font color="#118811">tb 43</font>
Breakpoint 2 at 0x00002b: MOV R7,A
0> <font color="#118811">b sfr w 0x80</font>
0> <font color="#118811">i b</font>
Num Type Disp Hit Cnt Address What
1 fetch keep 1 1 0x00000c MOV R7,A
2 fetch del 1 1 0x00002b MOV R7,A
3 event keep 1 1 0x000080 write
0>
</pre> As you see above, the command can be shortened to "i b". The list of
breakpoints contains 7 columns:
<dl>
<dt><b>Num</b> </dt>
<dd>Number of the breakpoint. </dd>
<dt><b>Type</b> </dt>
<dd>This column shows type of the breakpoint. It can be <i>fetch</i>
for normal breakpoints or <i>event</i> for event breakpoints. First
the normal breakpoints are listed and then the event breakpoints. </dd>
<dt><b>Disp</b> </dt>
<dd>This shows if the breakpoint is temporary (<i>del</i>) or not (<i>keep</i>).
</dd> <dt><b>Hit</b> </dt>
<dd>How many times the breakpoint must be hit before it really stops the
program. </dd>
<dt><b>Cnt</b> </dt>
<dd>Counter of breakpoint hits. This counter decrements and the
breakpoint is activated if it reaches zero. </dd>
<dt><b>Address</b> </dt>
<dd>Address where the breakpoint is set. </dd>
<dt><b>What</b> </dt>
<dd>For normal breakpoints this field contains disassembled instruction
where the breakpoint is set. For event breakpoints it contains type of
event. </dd>
</dl>
<hr>
<h4><a name="info_registers">info registers</a></h4>
This subcommand prints out full register set of the CPU. Output
of this command depends of type of CPU.
<h5>Registers of MCS51 family</h5>
<pre>
0> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7
41 58 fc c9 8b bc 95 6b
@R0 76 v ACC= 0x00 0 . B= 0x00
@R1 73 s PSW= 0x00 CY=0 AC=0 OV=0 P=0
SP 0x07 -> 6b 95 bc 8b c9 fc 58 41
DPTR= 0x0000 @DPTR= 0x83 131 .
0x0000 ? ff MOV R7,A
0>
</pre>
In first two lines the actual register bank is dumped
out. Register banks reside in internal RAM, actual register bank
selected by RS0 and RS1 bits of PSW register.
<p>Next two lines begin with value of indirectly addressed
internal RAM cells and show most important internal registers,
A, B, PSW and flags.</p>
<p>Next line shows the stack pointer and top of the stack.</p>
<p>Last line shows the DPTR and XRAM value where it points.</p>
<p>After register values, instruction at PC is disassembled.</p>
<h5>Registers of AVR family</h5>
<pre>
> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
000000 00 2c 21 23 20 35 19 14 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .,!# 5..........
000010 00 01 1e 89 01 00 10 e2 14 00 01 10 00 00 00 00 ................
ITHSVNZC SREG= 0x03 3 .
00000011 SP = 0x000000
X= 0x1001 [X]= 0x00 0 . Y= 0x0000 [Y]= 0x00 0 . Z= 0x0000 [Z]= 0x00 0 .
0x0000 ? 5a41 subi r0,161
>
</pre>
First two lines show first 32 bytes of internal RAM which is the register
set of AVR controllers.
<p>At the beginning of next two lines bits of status register are printed.
These lines present hexadecimal, decimal and ASCII values of the status
register too, and value of the stack pointer. </p>
<p>Following line shows indirect addressing registers X, Y, and Z as well
as pointed memory values. </p>
<p>Last line is disassembled instruction at PC. </p>
<h5>Registers of Z80 family</h5>
<pre>
0> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
SZ-A--P-C Flags= 0x00 0 . A= 0x00 0 .
00-0--0-0
BC= 0x0000 [BC]= 00 0 . DE= 0x0000 [DE]= 00 0 . HL= 0x0000 [HL]= 00 0 .
IX= 0x0000 [IX]= 00 0 . IY= 0x0000 [IY]= 00 0 . SP= 0x0000 [SP]= 00 0 .
SP limit= 0xf000
SP= 0xffff -> 0041 58fc c98b bc95 6b72 266b c55e af85 8cd8 65df a8d9 9fa6
0x0000 ? 41 LD B,C
0>
</pre>
<h5>Registers of XA family</h5>
<pre>
0> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
CA---VNZ | R0:0100 R1:0302 R2:0504 R3:0706
00---000 | R4:0908 R5:0b0a R6:0d0c SP:0100 ES:0000 DS:0000
0x0000 ? 41 58 CMP R2h,R4l
0>
</pre>
<h5>Registers of HC08 family</h5>
<pre>
0> <font color="#118811">i r</font>
V--HINZC Flags= 0x60 96 ` A= 0x00 0 .
0--00000 H= 0x00 0 . X= 0x00 0 .
SP= 0x00ff [SP+1]= 00 0 . Limit= $7000
0xf17c ? 19 ee bclr #4,*$ee
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="info_hardware">info hardware|hw <i>identifier</i></a></h4>
This subcommand prints out information about a unit of the controller. <b>identifier</b>
specifies hardware element. One form of it is a name. Names of hardware
elements can be checked by <a href="#conf">conf</a> command. This form is
accepted only when name is unique. If more than one element exists with
the same name then name must be followed by id number in square brackets
in same form as it is listed by <a href="#conf">conf</a> command.
<p>Output format of this command depends on CPU family and type of the CPU
too because requested unit can be different in different type of
controller even in the same CPU family. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 -t 51</font>
ucsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">conf</font>
ucsim version 0.5.0-pre3
Type of microcontroller: 51 CMOS
Controller has 8 hardware element(s).
timer0[0]
timer1[1]
uart[0]
port[0]
port[1]
port[2]
port[3]
irq[0]
_51_dummy[0]
0> <font color="#118811">i h port[2]</font>
port[2]
P2 11111111 0xff 255 . (Value in SFR register)
Pin2 11111111 0xff 255 . (Output of outside circuits)
Port2 11111111 0xff 255 . (Value on the port pins)
0> <font color="#118811">i h t[0]</font>
timer0[0] 0x0000 13 bit timer OFF irq=0 dis prio=0
0> <font color="#118811">i h u</font>
uart[0] Shift, fixed clock MultiProc=none irq=dis prio=0
Receiver OFF RB8=0 irq=0
Transmitter TB8=0 irq=0
0>
</pre> Timer #2 differs a little bit from other timers of MCS51:
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 -t 52</font>
ucsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
ucsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">i h timer0</font>
timer0[0] 0x0000 13 bit timer OFF irq=0 dis prio=0
0> <font color="#118811">i h t[2]</font>
timer2[2] 0x0000 reload 0x0000 timer OFF irq=0 dis prio=0
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<!--
<h4><a name="info_stack">info stack</a></h4> This command prints out information about data stored in the CPU's stack and operations which put them there. <pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51 ~/remo.hex</font>uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute itunder certain conditions; type `show c' for details.55470 words read from /home/staff/drdani/remo.hex0> <font color="#118811">set opt irq_stop true</font>0> <font color="#118811">r</font>Simulation started, PC=0x000000Stop at 0x000023: (2) InterruptF 0x0000230> <font color="#118811">i s</font>OP SP before-after L DATA/ADDR INSTRUCTION
call 0x000022-0x000024 2 0x002976 0x022a 12 29 76 LCALL 2976call 0x000024-0x000026 2 0x002379 0x2976 12 23 79 LCALL 2379call 0x000026-0x000028 2 0x003612 0x2517 12 36 12 LCALL 3612intr 0x000028-0x00002a 2 0x000023 0x366f 20 0c 02 JB 21.4,36740> </pre> First column shows the operation which can be <b>call</b> or <b>push</b> or <b>intr</b> (interrupt call). Next column contains value of the SP register before and after the operation. Column "L" shows size of the data, and the next column the data itself. Note, that for call operations (call, and intr) the <b>called</b> address is printed, not the pushed one! Last column is the instruction which has been executed when the operation occurred.<hr>-->
<h4><a name="info_memory">info memory</a></h4>
This command shows information about <a href="memory.html">memory system</a>:
chips, address spaces and address decoders.
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">ucsim_51</font>
uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">i m</font>
Memory chips:
0x000000-0x010000 65536 rom_chip (8,%02x,0x%04x)
0x000000-0x000080 128 iram_chip (8,%02x,0x%02x)
0x000000-0x010000 65536 xram_chip (8,%02x,0x%04x)
0x000000-0x000080 128 sfr_chip (8,%02x,0x%02x)
Address spaces:
0x000000-0x010000 65536 rom (8,%02x,0x%04x)
0x000000-0x000080 128 iram (8,%02x,0x%02x)
0x000080-0x000080 128 sfr (8,%02x,0x%02x)
0x000000-0x010000 65536 xram (8,%02x,0x%04x)
Address decoders:
0 rom 0x0000 0xffff -> rom_chip 0x0000 activated
0 iram 0x00 0x7f -> iram_chip 0x00 activated
0 sfr 0x80 0xff -> sfr_chip 0x00 activated
0 xram 0x0000 0xffff -> xram_chip 0x0000 activated
0>
</pre> First column shows address ranges, next one is the size followed by the
name of the memory. This name can be used in other commands (such as <a href="cmd_dump.html#dump">dump</a>,
<a href="#set_memory">set memory</a>, etc.). Last column shows some
technical information (width in bits, format specifier to print out
content and address).
<p>Address decoders are associated with address spaces. Each address space
has a list of decoders. First column of the address decoder information
is the number of the decoder. Next three columns specifies name and area
of the address space which is handled by the decoder. After "->" sign
the name and the address of the memory chip is printed where the decoder
maps the area of the address space. </p>
<p>Memory system of other controller family can be different. </p>
<pre>$ <font color="#118811">savr</font>
uCsim 0.5.0-pre3, Copyright (C) 1997 Daniel Drotos, Talker Bt.
uCsim comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
0> <font color="#118811">i m</font>
Memory chips:
0x000000-0x00ffff 65536 rom_chip (16,%04x,0x%04x)
0x000000-0x00007f 128 iram_chip (8,%02x,0x%02x)
Address spaces:
0x000000-0x00ffff 65536 rom (16,%04x,0x%04x)
0x000000-0x00ffff 65536 iram (8,%02x,0x%04x)
Address decoders:
0 rom 0x0000 0xffff -> rom_chip 0x0000 activated
0 iram 0x0000 0x007f -> iram_chip 0x00 activated
0>
</pre>
<hr>
<h4><a name="info_variables">info variables [[/filter] search]</a></h4>
Print out information about variables. Variable is memory location which
has a name. It can be created by <a href="cmd_memory.html#var">var</a>
command and several variables are created by the simulator. Optionally the
search string can be specified in the command to search for it in variable
names.
<p>Optional /filter parameter can be used to select variables according
to place where they were defined:</p>
<ul><li>/p List predefined variables only,</li>
<li>/u Print user defined variables,</li>
<li>/d List variables from debug info (cdb) file</li>
</ul>
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">info var a</font>
pa rom[0xf000] = 00000000
Data register of pa
sim_real_time simif_0_cfg[0xa] = 00000000
Real time since reset in msec (int, RO)
sim_reason simif_0_cfg[0x5] = 00000000
Reason of last stop (int, RO)
sim_start simif_0_cfg[0x2] = 00000000
WR: start simulation, RD: true if running
sim_xtal simif_0_cfg[0x6] = 00a8c000
Xtal frequency in Hz (int, RW)
0> <font color="#118811">var abc</font>
0> <font color="#118811">i v a</font>
abc variables[0x00] = 00000000
pa rom[0xf000] = 00000000
Data register of pa
sim_real_time simif_0_cfg[0xa] = 00000000
Real time since reset in msec (int, RO)
sim_reason simif_0_cfg[0x5] = 00000000
Reason of last stop (int, RO)
sim_start simif_0_cfg[0x2] = 00000000
WR: start simulation, RD: true if running
sim_xtal simif_0_cfg[0x6] = 00a8c000
Xtal frequency in Hz (int, RW)
0>
</pre>
First word is the name of the variable, followed by memory and the
address, last word is the actual value in hexadecimal. Predefined
variables have a short description which is printed in next line.
<hr>
<h4><a name="info_history">info history</a></h4>
This command is the same as <a href="cmd_exec.html#history_information">history
information</a>. </blockquote>
<hr>
<h3><a name="timer">timer</a></h3>
Handling of timers. Don't be confused! This command doesn't handle timer
element of the controller. It manages "clock counters" which can be used to
profile applications.
<p>Known subcommands are: </p>
<p>timer <a href="#timer_add">add</a> <br>
timer <a href="#timer_delete">delete</a> <br>
timer <a href="#timer_get">get</a> <br>
timer <a href="#timer_start">start</a> <br>
timer <a href="#timer_stop">stop</a> <br>
timer <a href="#timer_set">set</a> </p>
<p>Each subcommand can (some must) be followed by a timer id which can be a
number or a string. Timers are numbered from 1. You can use any number
greater than 0 to identify a timer. Or you can use a symbolic name, in
this case simulator uses the first unused number to allocate a new timer.
</p>
<blockquote>
<h4><a name="timer_add">timer add|create|make <i>id [direction [in_isr]]</i></a></h4>
To create a new timer. New timers are turned ON by default and initialized
to value 0. <b>Direction</b> is an integer (can be positive or negative)
number which is added to the actual value in every step. If <b>in_isr</b>
is TRUE the timer counts only when execution is in an interrupt handler.
<hr>
<h4><a name="timer_delete">timer delete|remove <i>id</i></a></h4>
To remove a timer if you don't need it any more.
<hr>
<h4><a name="timer_get">timer get <i>[id]</i></a></h4>
To get value of timers. If you don't use timer id in this command
simulator prints out value of all timers including predefined ones. See
example below.
<hr>
<h4><a name="timer_start">timer start|run <i>id</i></a></h4>
To turn a timer ON.
<hr>
<h4><a name="timer_stop">timer stop <i>id</i></a></h4>
To turn a timer OFF. It still exist but doesn't count xtal periods.
<hr>
<h4><a name="timer_set">timer set|value <i>id value</i></a></h4>
To set value of the timer (number of xtal periods). <b>value</b> is the
new value.
<pre>0> <font color="#118811">tim a 3</font>
0> <font color="#118811">tim g</font>
timer #0("time") ON: 0.463255 sec (5123232 clks)
timer #0("isr") ON: 0.0051888 sec (57384 clks)
timer #0("idle") ON,ISR: 0 sec (0 clks)
timer #3("unnamed") ON: 0 sec (0 clks)
0> <font color="#118811">tim a "a"</font>
0> <font color="#118811">tim g</font>
timer #0("time") ON: 0.463255 sec (5123232 clks)
timer #0("isr") ON: 0.0051888 sec (57384 clks)
timer #0("idle") ON,ISR: 0 sec (0 clks)
timer #1("a") ON: 0 sec (0 clks)
timer #3("unnamed") ON: 0 sec (0 clks)
0>
</pre> </blockquote>
<hr>
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