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34 hoursFix various incorrect filename referencesDavid Rowley
Author: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEoWx2=hOBCPm-Z=F15twr_23XjHeoXSbifP5GdEdtWona97wQ@mail.gmail.com
3 daysTrack the maximum possible frequency of non-MCE array elements.Tom Lane
The lossy-counting algorithm that ANALYZE uses to identify most-common array elements has a notion of cutoff frequency: elements with frequency greater than that are guaranteed to be collected, elements with smaller frequencies are not. In cases where we find fewer MCEs than the stats target would permit us to store, the cutoff frequency provides valuable additional information, to wit that there are no non-MCEs with frequency greater than that. What the selectivity estimation functions actually use the "minfreq" entry for is as a ceiling on the possible frequency of non-MCEs, so using the cutoff rather than the lowest stored MCE frequency provides a tighter bound and more accurate estimates. Therefore, instead of redundantly storing the minimum observed MCE frequency, store the cutoff frequency when there are fewer tracked values than we want. (When there are more, then of course we cannot assert that no non-stored elements are above the cutoff frequency, since we're throwing away some that are; so we still use the minimum stored frequency in that case.) Notably, this works even when none of the values are common enough to be called MCEs. In such cases we previously stored nothing in the STATISTIC_KIND_MCELEM pg_statistic slot, which resulted in the selectivity functions falling back to default estimates. So in that case we want to construct a STATISTIC_KIND_MCELEM entry that contains no "values" but does have "numbers", to wit the three extra numbers that the MCELEM entry type defines. A small obstacle is that update_attstats() has traditionally stored a null, not an empty array, when passed zero "values" for a slot. That gives rise to an MCELEM entry that get_attstatsslot() will spit up on. The least risky solution seems to be to adjust update_attstats() so that it will emit a non-null (but possibly empty) array when the passed stavalues array pointer isn't NULL, rather than conditioning that on numvalues > 0. In other existing cases I don't believe that that changes anything. For consistency, handle the stanumbers array the same way. In passing, improve the comments in routines that use STATISTIC_KIND_MCELEM data. Particularly, explain why we use minfreq / 2 not minfreq as the estimate for non-MCE values. Thanks to Matt Long for the suggestion that we could apply this idea even when there are more than zero MCEs. Reported-by: Mark Frost <FROSTMAR@uk.ibm.com> Reported-by: Matt Long <matt@mattlong.org> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/PH3PPF1C905D6E6F24A5C1A1A1D8345B593E16FA@PH3PPF1C905D6E6.namprd15.prod.outlook.com
7 daysRevert "Avoid race condition between "GRANT role" and "DROP ROLE"".Tom Lane
This reverts commit 98fc31d6499163a0a781aa6f13582a07f09cd7c6. That change allowed DROP OWNED BY to drop grants of the target role to other roles, arguing that nobody would need those privileges anymore. But that's not so: if you're not superuser, you still need admin privilege on the target role so you can drop it. It's not clear whether or how the dependency-based approach to solving the original problem can be adapted to keep these grants. Since v18 release is fast approaching, the sanest thing to do seems to be to revert this patch for now. The race-condition problem is low severity and not worth taking risks for. I didn't force a catversion bump in 98fc31d64, so I won't do so here either. Reported-by: Dipesh Dhameliya <dipeshdhameliya125@gmail.com> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABgZEgczOFicCJoqtrH9gbYMe_BV3Hq8zzCBRcMgmU6LRsihUA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 18
8 daysHide duplicate names from extension viewsPeter Eisentraut
If extensions of equal names were installed in different directories in the path, the views pg_available_extensions and pg_available_extension_versions would show all of them, even though only the first one was actually reachable by CREATE EXTENSION. To fix, have those views skip extensions found later in the path if they have names already found earlier. Also add a bit of documentation that only the first extension in the path can be used. Reported-by: Pierrick <pierrick.chovelon@dalibo.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/8f5a0517-1cb8-4085-ae89-77e7454e27ba%40dalibo.com
11 daysFix oversights in pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() fixes.Tom Lane
Commit a0b99fc12 caused pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() to not fill the object_name field for schemas, which it should have; and caused it to fill the object_name field for default values, which it should not have. In addition, triggers and RLS policies really should behave the same way as we're making column defaults do; that is, they should have is_temporary = true if they belong to a temporary table. Fix those things, and upgrade event_trigger.sql's woefully inadequate test coverage of these secondary output columns. As before, back-patch only to v15. Reported-by: Sergey Shinderuk <s.shinderuk@postgrespro.ru> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/bd7b4651-1c26-4d30-832b-f942fabcb145@postgrespro.ru Backpatch-through: 15
12 daysReport the correct is_temporary flag for column defaults.Tom Lane
pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects() would report a column default object with is_temporary = false, even if it belongs to a temporary table. This seems clearly wrong, so adjust it to report the table's temp-ness. While here, refactor EventTriggerSQLDropAddObject to make its handling of namespace objects less messy and avoid duplication of the schema-lookup code. And add some explicit test coverage of dropped-object reports for dependencies of temp tables. Back-patch to v15. The bug exists further back, but the GetAttrDefaultColumnAddress function this patch depends on does not, and it doesn't seem worth adjusting it to cope with the older code. Author: Antoine Violin <violin.antuan@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFjUV9x3-hv0gihf+CtUc-1it0hh7Skp9iYFhMS7FJjtAeAptA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 15
2025-09-08pg_upgrade: Transfer pg_largeobject_metadata's files when possible.Nathan Bossart
Commit 161a3e8b68 taught pg_upgrade to use COPY for large object metadata for upgrades from v12 and newer, which is much faster to restore than the proper large object commands. For upgrades from v16 and newer, we can take this a step further and transfer the large object metadata files as if they were user tables. We can't transfer the files from older versions because the aclitem data type (needed by pg_largeobject_metadata.lomacl) changed its storage format in v16 (see commit 7b378237aa). Note that this commit is essentially a revert of commit 12a53c732c. There are a couple of caveats. First, we still need to COPY the corresponding pg_shdepend rows for large objects. Second, we need to COPY anything in pg_largeobject_metadata with a comment or security label, else restoring those will fail. This means that an upgrade in which every large object has a comment or security label won't gain anything from this commit, but it should at least avoid making those unusual use-cases any worse. pg_upgrade must also take care to transfer the relfilenodes of pg_largeobject_metadata and its index, as was done for pg_largeobject in commits d498e052b4 and bbe08b8869. Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aJ3_Gih_XW1_O2HF%40nathan
2025-09-08Post-commit review fixes for 228c370868.Amit Kapila
This commit fixes three issues: 1) When a disabled subscription is created with retain_dead_tuples set to true, the launcher is not woken up immediately, which may lead to delays in creating the conflict detection slot. Creating the conflict detection slot is essential even when the subscription is not enabled. This ensures that dead tuples are retained, which is necessary for accurately identifying the type of conflict during replication. 2) Conflict-related data was unnecessarily retained when the subscription does not have a table. 3) Conflict-relevant data could be prematurely removed before applying prepared transactions on the publisher that are in the commit critical section. This issue occurred because the backend executing COMMIT PREPARED was not accounted for during the computation of oldestXid in the commit phase on the publisher. As a result, the subscriber could advance the conflict slot's xmin without waiting for such COMMIT PREPARED transactions to complete. We fixed this issue by identifying prepared transactions that are in the commit critical section during computation of oldestXid in commit phase. Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond412@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS9PR01MB16913DACB64E5721872AA5C02943BA@OS9PR01MB16913.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS9PR01MB16913F67856B0DA2A909788129400A@OS9PR01MB16913.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
2025-09-04Fix replica identity check for INSERT ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE.Dean Rasheed
If an INSERT has an ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE clause, the executor must check that the target relation supports UPDATE as well as INSERT. In particular, it must check that the target relation has a REPLICA IDENTITY if it publishes updates. Formerly, it was not doing this check, which could lead to silently breaking replication. Fix by adding such a check to CheckValidResultRel(), which requires adding a new onConflictAction argument. In back-branches, preserve ABI compatibility by introducing a wrapper function with the original signature. Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com> Tested-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS3PR01MB57180C87E43A679A730482DF94B62@OS3PR01MB5718.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-09-02Add max_retention_duration option to subscriptions.Amit Kapila
This commit introduces a new subscription parameter, max_retention_duration, aimed at mitigating excessive accumulation of dead tuples when retain_dead_tuples is enabled and the apply worker lags behind the publisher. When the time spent advancing a non-removable transaction ID exceeds the max_retention_duration threshold, the apply worker will stop retaining conflict detection information. In such cases, the conflict slot's xmin will be set to InvalidTransactionId, provided that all apply workers associated with the subscription (with retain_dead_tuples enabled) confirm the retention duration has been exceeded. To ensure retention status persists across server restarts, a new column subretentionactive has been added to the pg_subscription catalog. This prevents unnecessary reactivation of retention logic after a restart. The conflict detection slot will not be automatically re-initialized unless a new subscription is created with retain_dead_tuples = true, or the user manually re-enables retain_dead_tuples. A future patch will introduce support for automatic slot re-initialization once at least one apply worker confirms that the retention duration is within the configured max_retention_duration. Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond412@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716BE80DAEB0EE2A6A5D1F5949D2@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
2025-08-29Remove unneeded casts of BufferGetPage() resultPeter Eisentraut
BufferGetPage() already returns type Page, so casting it to Page doesn't achieve anything. A sizable number of call sites does this casting; remove that. This was already done inconsistently in the code in the first import in 1996 (but didn't exist in the pre-1995 code), and it was then apparently just copied around. Author: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Guo <guofenglinux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CALdSSPgFhc5=vLqHdk-zCcnztC0zEY3EU_Q6a9vPEaw7FkE9Vw@mail.gmail.com
2025-08-28Avoid including commands/dbcommands.h in so many placesÁlvaro Herrera
This has been done historically because of get_database_name (which since commit cb98e6fb8fd4 belongs in lsyscache.c/h, so let's move it there) and get_database_oid (which is in the right place, but whose declaration should appear in pg_database.h rather than dbcommands.h). Clean this up. Also, xlogreader.h and stringinfo.h are no longer needed by dbcommands.h since commit f1fd515b393a, so remove them. Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202508191031.5ipojyuaswzt@alvherre.pgsql
2025-08-22Reduce lock level for ALTER DOMAIN ... VALIDATE CONSTRAINTPeter Eisentraut
Reduce from ShareLock to ShareUpdateExclusivelock. Validation during ALTER DOMAIN ... ADD CONSTRAINT keeps using ShareLock. Example: create domain d1 as int; create table t (a d1); alter domain d1 add constraint cc10 check (value > 10) not valid; begin; alter domain d1 validate constraint cc10; -- another session insert into t values (8); Now we should still be able to perform DML operations on table t while the domain constraint is being validated. The equivalent works already on table constraints. Author: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACJufxHz92A88NLRTA2msgE2dpXpE-EoZ2QO61od76-6bfqurA%40mail.gmail.com
2025-08-20Minor error message enhancementPeter Eisentraut
In refuseDupeIndexAttach(), change from errdetail("Another index is already attached for partition \"%s\"."...) to errdetail("Another index \"%s\" is already attached for partition \"%s\"."...) so we can easily understand which index is already attached for partition \"%s\". Author: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACJufxGBfykJ_1ztk9T%2BL_gLmkOSOF%2BmL9Mn4ZPydz-rh%3DLccQ%40mail.gmail.com
2025-08-19Fix self-deadlock during DROP SUBSCRIPTION.Amit Kapila
The DROP SUBSCRIPTION command performs several operations: it stops the subscription workers, removes subscription-related entries from system catalogs, and deletes the replication slot on the publisher server. Previously, this command acquired an AccessExclusiveLock on pg_subscription before initiating these steps. However, while holding this lock, the command attempts to connect to the publisher to remove the replication slot. In cases where the connection is made to a newly created database on the same server as subscriber, the cache-building process during connection tries to acquire an AccessShareLock on pg_subscription, resulting in a self-deadlock. To resolve this issue, we reduce the lock level on pg_subscription during DROP SUBSCRIPTION from AccessExclusiveLock to RowExclusiveLock. Earlier, the higher lock level was used to prevent the launcher from starting a new worker during the drop operation, as a restarted worker could become orphaned. Now, instead of relying on a strict lock, we acquire an AccessShareLock on the specific subscription being dropped and re-validate its existence after acquiring the lock. If the subscription is no longer valid, the worker exits gracefully. This approach avoids the deadlock while still ensuring that orphan workers are not created. Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Author: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18988-7312c868be2d467f@postgresql.org
2025-08-18Refactor init_params() in sequence.c to not use FormData_pg_sequence_dataMichael Paquier
init_params() sets up "last_value" and "is_called" for a sequence relation holdind its metadata, based on the sequence properties in pg_sequences. "log_cnt" is the third property that can be updated in this routine for FormData_pg_sequence_data, tracking when WAL records should be generated for a sequence after nextval() iterations. This routine is called when creating or altering a sequence. This commit refactors init_params() to not depend anymore on FormData_pg_sequence_data, removing traces of it in sequence.c, making easier the manipulation of metadata related to sequences. The knowledge about "log_cnt" is replaced with a more general "reset_state" flag, to let the caller know if the sequence state should be reset. In the case of in-core sequences, this relates to WAL logging. We still need to depend on FormData_pg_sequence. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZWlohtKAs0uVVpZ3@paquier.xyz
2025-08-08Add missing Datum conversionsPeter Eisentraut
Add various missing conversions from and to Datum. The previous code mostly relied on implicit conversions or its own explicit casts instead of using the correct DatumGet*() or *GetDatum() functions. We think these omissions are harmless. Some actual bugs that were discovered during this process have been committed separately (80c758a2e1d, fd2ab03fea2). Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/8246d7ff-f4b7-4363-913e-827dadfeb145%40eisentraut.org
2025-08-08Remove useless/superfluous Datum conversionsPeter Eisentraut
Remove useless DatumGetFoo() and FooGetDatum() calls. These are places where no conversion from or to Datum was actually happening. We think these extra calls covered here were harmless. Some actual bugs that were discovered during this process have been committed separately (80c758a2e1d, 2242b26ce47). Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/8246d7ff-f4b7-4363-913e-827dadfeb145%40eisentraut.org
2025-08-08Fix oversight in FindTriggerIncompatibleWithInheritance.Etsuro Fujita
This function is called from ATExecAttachPartition/ATExecAddInherit, which prevent tables with row-level triggers with transition tables from becoming partitions or inheritance children, to check if there is such a trigger on the given table, but failed to check if a found trigger is row-level, causing the caller functions to needlessly prevent a table with only a statement-level trigger with transition tables from becoming a partition or inheritance child. Repair. Oversight in commit 501ed02cf. Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK167mXzwzzmJ_0YZ3EZrbwiCxtM1vogH_8drqsE6PtxRYw%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-08-08Disallow collecting transition tuples from child foreign tables.Etsuro Fujita
Commit 9e6104c66 disallowed transition tables on foreign tables, but failed to account for cases where a foreign table is a child table of a partitioned/inherited table on which transition tables exist, leading to incorrect transition tuples collected from such foreign tables for queries on the parent table triggering transition capture. This occurred not only for inherited UPDATE/DELETE but for partitioned INSERT later supported by commit 3d956d956, which should have handled it at least for the INSERT case, but didn't. To fix, modify ExecAR*Triggers to throw an error if the given relation is a foreign table requesting transition capture. Also, this commit fixes make_modifytable so that in case of an inherited UPDATE/DELETE triggering transition capture, FDWs choose normal operations to modify child foreign tables, not DirectModify; which is needed because they would otherwise skip the calls to ExecAR*Triggers at execution, causing unexpected behavior. Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK14QJYikKzBDCe3jMbpGENnQ7popFmbEgm-XTNuk55oyHg%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-08-05Don't copy datlocale from template unless provider matches.Jeff Davis
During CREATE DATABASE, if changing the locale provider, require that a new locale is specified rather than trying to reinterpret the template's locale using the new provider. This only affects the behavior when the template uses the builtin provider and CREATE DATABASE specifies the ICU provider without specifying the locale. Previously, that may have succeeded due to loose validation by ICU, whereas now that will cause an error. Because it can cause an error, backport only to unreleased versions. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5038b33a6dc639009f4b3d43fa6ae0c5ba9e04f7.camel@j-davis.com Backpatch-through: 18
2025-08-05Throw ERROR when publish_generated_columns is specified without a value.Amit Kapila
Previously, specifying the publication option 'publish_generated_columns' without an explicit value would incorrectly default to 'stored', which is not the intended behavior. This patch fixes the issue by raising an ERROR when no value is provided for 'publish_generated_columns', ensuring that users must explicitly specify a valid option. Author: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 18, where it was introduced Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+PsCUCWiEKmB10DxhoPfXbF6jw5RD9ib2LuaQeA_XraW7w@mail.gmail.com
2025-08-04Fix incorrect comment regarding mod_since_analyzeDavid Rowley
Author: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250804140120.280c2d6a9d2ea687cd167743@sraoss.co.jp
2025-07-31Rename CachedPlanType to PlannedStmtOrigin for PlannedStmtMichael Paquier
Commit 719dcf3c42 introduced a field called CachedPlanType in PlannedStmt to allow extensions to determine whether a cached plan is generic or custom. After discussion, the concepts that we want to track are a bit wider than initially anticipated, as it is closer to knowing from which "source" or "origin" a PlannedStmt has been generated or retrieved. Custom and generic cached plans are a subset of that. Based on the state of HEAD, we have been able to define two more origins: - "standard", for the case where PlannedStmt is generated in standard_planner(), the most common case. - "internal", for the fake PlannedStmt generated internally by some query patterns. This could be tuned in the future depending on what is needed. This looks like a good starting point, at least. The default value is called "UNKNOWN", provided as fallback value. This value is not used in the core code, the idea is to let extensions building their own PlannedStmts know about this new field. Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Co-authored-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aILaHupXbIGgF2wJ@paquier.xyz
2025-07-29Display Memoize planner estimates in EXPLAINDavid Rowley
There've been a few complaints that it can be overly difficult to figure out why the planner picked a Memoize plan. To help address that, here we adjust the EXPLAIN output to display the following additional details: 1) The estimated number of cache entries that can be stored at once 2) The estimated number of unique lookup keys that we expect to see 3) The number of lookups we expect 4) The estimated hit ratio Technically #4 can be calculated using #1, #2 and #3, but it's not a particularly obvious calculation, so we opt to display it explicitly. The original patch by Lukas Fittl only displayed the hit ratio, but there was a fear that might lead to more questions about how that was calculated. The idea with displaying all 4 is to be transparent which may allow queries to be tuned more easily. For example, if #2 isn't correct then maybe extended statistics or a manual n_distinct estimate can be used to help fix poor plan choices. Author: Ilia Evdokimov <ilya.evdokimov@tantorlabs.com> Author: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAP53Pky29GWAVVk3oBgKBDqhND0BRBN6yTPeguV_qSivFL5N_g%40mail.gmail.com
2025-07-24Introduce field tracking cached plan type in PlannedStmtMichael Paquier
PlannedStmt gains a new field, called CachedPlanType, able to track if a given plan tree originates from the cache and if we are dealing with a generic or custom cached plan. This field can be used for monitoring or statistical purposes, in the executor hooks, for example, based on the planned statement attached to a QueryDesc. A patch is under discussion for pg_stat_statements to provide an equivalent of the counters in pg_prepared_statements for custom and generic plans, to provide a more global view of such data, as this data is now restricted to the current session. The concept introduced in this commit is useful on its own, and has been extracted from a larger patch by the same author. Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5RZ0uFw8Y9GCFvafhC=OA8NnMqVZyzXPfv_EePOt+iv1T-qQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-23Preserve conflict-relevant data during logical replication.Amit Kapila
Logical replication requires reliable conflict detection to maintain data consistency across nodes. To achieve this, we must prevent premature removal of tuples deleted by other origins and their associated commit_ts data by VACUUM, which could otherwise lead to incorrect conflict reporting and resolution. This patch introduces a mechanism to retain deleted tuples on the subscriber during the application of concurrent transactions from remote nodes. Retaining these tuples allows us to correctly ignore concurrent updates to the same tuple. Without this, an UPDATE might be misinterpreted as an INSERT during resolutions due to the absence of the original tuple. Additionally, we ensure that origin metadata is not prematurely removed by vacuum freeze, which is essential for detecting update_origin_differs and delete_origin_differs conflicts. To support this, a new replication slot named pg_conflict_detection is created and maintained by the launcher on the subscriber. Each apply worker tracks its own non-removable transaction ID, which the launcher aggregates to determine the appropriate xmin for the slot, thereby retaining necessary tuples. Conflict information retention (deleted tuples and commit_ts) can be enabled per subscription via the retain_conflict_info option. This is disabled by default to avoid unnecessary overhead for configurations that do not require conflict resolution or logging. During upgrades, if any subscription on the old cluster has retain_conflict_info enabled, a conflict detection slot will be created to protect relevant tuples from deletion when the new cluster starts. This is a foundational work to correctly detect update_deleted conflict which will be done in a follow-up patch. Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: shveta malik <shveta.malik@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond412@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716BE80DAEB0EE2A6A5D1F5949D2@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
2025-07-18Fix concurrent update trigger issues with MERGE in a CTE.Dean Rasheed
If a MERGE inside a CTE attempts an UPDATE or DELETE on a table with BEFORE ROW triggers, and a concurrent UPDATE or DELETE happens, the merge code would fail (crashing in the case of an UPDATE action, and potentially executing the wrong action for a DELETE action). This is the same issue that 9321c79c86 attempted to fix, except now for a MERGE inside a CTE. As noted in 9321c79c86, what needs to happen is for the trigger code to exit early, returning the TM_Result and TM_FailureData information to the merge code, if a concurrent modification is detected, rather than attempting to do an EPQ recheck. The merge code will then do its own rechecking, and rescan the action list, potentially executing a different action in light of the concurrent update. In particular, the trigger code must never call ExecGetUpdateNewTuple() for MERGE, since that is bound to fail because MERGE has its own per-action projection information. Commit 9321c79c86 did this using estate->es_plannedstmt->commandType in the trigger code to detect that a MERGE was being executed, which is fine for a plain MERGE command, but does not work for a MERGE inside a CTE. Fix by passing that information to the trigger code as an additional parameter passed to ExecBRUpdateTriggers() and ExecBRDeleteTriggers(). Back-patch as far as v17 only, since MERGE cannot appear inside a CTE prior to that. Additionally, take care to preserve the trigger ABI in v17 (though not in v18, which is still in beta). Bug: #18986 Reported-by: Yaroslav Syrytsia <me@ys.lc> Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18986-e7a8aac3d339fa47@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 17
2025-07-11Rename CHECKPOINT_IMMEDIATE to CHECKPOINT_FAST.Nathan Bossart
The new name more accurately reflects the effects of this flag on a requested checkpoint. Checkpoint-related log messages (i.e., those controlled by the log_checkpoints configuration parameter) will now say "fast" instead of "immediate", too. Likewise, references to "immediate" checkpoints in the documentation have been updated to say "fast". This is preparatory work for a follow-up commit that will add a MODE option to the CHECKPOINT command. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-11Rename CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_ALL to CHECKPOINT_FLUSH_UNLOGGED.Nathan Bossart
The new name more accurately relects the effects of this flag on a requested checkpoint. Checkpoint-related log messages (i.e., those controlled by the log_checkpoints configuration parameter) will now say "flush-unlogged" instead of "flush-all", too. This is preparatory work for a follow-up commit that will add a FLUSH_UNLOGGED option to the CHECKPOINT command. Author: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aDnaKTEf-0dLiEfz%40msg.df7cb.de
2025-07-07Standardize LSN formatting by zero paddingÁlvaro Herrera
This commit standardizes the output format for LSNs to ensure consistent representation across various tools and messages. Previously, LSNs were inconsistently printed as `%X/%X` in some contexts, while others used zero-padding. This often led to confusion when comparing. To address this, the LSN format is now uniformly set to `%X/%08X`, ensuring the lower 32-bit part is always zero-padded to eight hexadecimal digits. Author: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ME0P300MB0445CA53CA0E4B8C1879AF84B641A@ME0P300MB0445.AUSP300.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM
2025-07-03Obtain required table lock during cross-table updates, redux.Tom Lane
Commits 8319e5cb5 et al missed the fact that ATPostAlterTypeCleanup contains three calls to ATPostAlterTypeParse, and the other two also need protection against passing a relid that we don't yet have lock on. Add similar logic to those code paths, and add some test cases demonstrating the need for it. In v18 and master, the test cases demonstrate that there's a behavioral discrepancy between stored generated columns and virtual generated columns: we disallow changing the expression of a stored column if it's used in any composite-type columns, but not that of a virtual column. Since the expression isn't actually relevant to either sort of composite-type usage, this prohibition seems unnecessary; but changing it is a matter for separate discussion. For now we are just documenting the existing behavior. Reported-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Author: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: CACJufxGKJtGNRRSXfwMW9SqVOPEMdP17BJ7DsBf=tNsv9pWU9g@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-07-03Prevent creation of duplicate not-null constraints for domainsÁlvaro Herrera
This was previously harmless, but now that we create pg_constraint rows for those, duplicates are not welcome anymore. Backpatch to 18. Co-authored-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxFSC0mcQ82bSk58sO-WJY4P-o4N6RD2M0D=DD_u_6EzdQ@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-03Refactor subtype field of AlterDomainStmtMichael Paquier
AlterDomainStmt.subtype used characters for its subtypes of commands, SET|DROP DEFAULT|NOT NULL and ADD|DROP|VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, which were hardcoded in a couple of places of the code. The code is improved by using an enum instead, with the same character values as the original code. Note that the field was documented in parsenodes.h and that it forgot to mention 'V' (VALIDATE CONSTRAINT). Author: Quan Zongliang <quanzongliang@yeah.net> Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/41ff310b-16bd-44b9-a3ef-97e20f14b709@yeah.net
2025-07-03Support multi-line headers in COPY FROM command.Fujii Masao
The COPY FROM command now accepts a non-negative integer for the HEADER option, allowing multiple header lines to be skipped. This is useful when the input contains multi-line headers that should be ignored during data import. Author: Shinya Kato <shinya11.kato@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOzEurRPxfzbxqeOPF_AGnAUOYf=Wk0we+1LQomPNUNtyZGBZw@mail.gmail.com
2025-07-02Make more use of RELATION_IS_OTHER_TEMP().Nathan Bossart
A few places were open-coding it instead of using this handy macro. Author: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEG8a3LjTGJcOcxQx-SUOGoxstG4XuCWLH0ATJKKt_aBTE5K8w%40mail.gmail.com
2025-07-01Use pg_ascii_tolower()/pg_ascii_toupper() where appropriate.Jeff Davis
Avoids unnecessary dependence on setlocale(). No behavior change. This commit reverts e1458f2f1b, which reverted some changes unintentionally committed before the branch for 19. Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/a8666c391dfcabe79868d95f7160eac533ace718.camel@j-davis.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7efaaa645aa5df3771bb47b9c35df27e08f3520e.camel@j-davis.com
2025-06-30Rationalize handling of VacuumParamsMichael Paquier
This commit refactors the vacuum routines that rely on VacuumParams, adding const markers where necessary to force a new policy in the code. This structure should not use a pointer as it may be used across multiple relations, and its contents should never be updated. vacuum_rel() stands as an exception as it touches the "index_cleanup" and "truncate" options. VacuumParams has been introduced in 0d831389749a, and 661643dedad9 has fixed a bug impacting VACUUM operating on multiple relations. The changes done in tableam.h break ABI compatibility, so this commit can only happen on HEAD. Author: Shihao Zhong <zhong950419@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGRkXqTo+aK=GTy5pSc-9cy8H2F2TJvcrZ-zXEiNJj93np1UUw@mail.gmail.com
2025-06-29Obtain required table lock during cross-table constraint updates.Tom Lane
Sometimes a table's constraint may depend on a column of another table, so that we have to update the constraint when changing the referenced column's type. We need to have lock on the constraint's table to do that. ATPostAlterTypeCleanup believed that this case was only possible for FOREIGN KEY constraints, but it's wrong at least for CHECK and EXCLUDE constraints; and in general, we'd probably need exclusive lock to alter any sort of constraint. So just remove the contype check and acquire lock for any other table. This prevents a "you don't have lock" assertion failure, though no ill effect is observed in production builds. We'll error out later anyway because we don't presently support physically altering column types within stored composite columns. But the catalog-munging is basically all there, so we may as well make that part work. Bug: #18970 Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Diagnosed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18970-a7d1cfe1f8d5d8d9@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 13
2025-06-28Message style improvementsPeter Eisentraut
2025-06-26Correct misleading error messagesPeter Eisentraut
Commit 7d6d2c4bbd7 dropped opcintype from the index AM strategy translation API. But some error messages about failed lookups still mentioned it, even though it was not used for the lookup. Fix by removing ipcintype from the error messages as well.
2025-06-26Expand virtual generated columns for ALTER COLUMN TYPERichard Guo
For the subcommand ALTER COLUMN TYPE of the ALTER TABLE command, the USING expression may reference virtual generated columns. These columns must be expanded before the expression is fed through expression_planner and the expression-execution machinery. Failing to do so can result in incorrect rewrite decisions, and can also lead to "ERROR: unexpected virtual generated column reference". Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/b5f96b24-ccac-47fd-9e20-14681b894f36@gmail.com
2025-06-25Avoid scribbling of VACUUM optionsMichael Paquier
This fixes two issues with the handling of VacuumParams in vacuum_rel(). This code path has the idea to change the passed-in pointer of VacuumParams for the "truncate" and "index_cleanup" options for the relation worked on, impacting the two following scenarios where incorrect options may be used because a VacuumParams pointer is shared across multiple relations: - Multiple relations in a single VACUUM command. - TOAST relations vacuumed with their main relation. The problem is avoided by providing to the two callers of vacuum_rel() copies of VacuumParams, before the pointer is updated for the "truncate" and "index_cleanup" options. The refactoring of the VACUUM option and parameters done in 0d831389749a did not introduce an issue, but it has encouraged the problem we are dealing with in this commit, with b84dbc8eb80b for "truncate" and a96c41feec6b for "index_cleanup" that have been added a couple of years after the initial refactoring. HEAD will be improved with a different patch that hardens the uses of VacuumParams across the tree. This cannot be backpatched as it introduces an ABI breakage. The backend portion of the patch has been authored by Nathan, while I have implemented the tests. The tests rely on injection points to check the option values, making them faster, more reliable than the tests originally proposed by Shihao, and they also provide more coverage. This part can only be backpatched down to v17. Reported-by: Shihao Zhong <zhong950419@gmail.com> Author: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGRkXqTo+aK=GTy5pSc-9cy8H2F2TJvcrZ-zXEiNJj93np1UUw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-06-24Fix virtual generated column type checking for ALTER TABLEPeter Eisentraut
Virtual generated columns have some special checks in CheckAttributeType(), mainly to check that domains are not used. But this check was only applied during CREATE TABLE, not during ALTER TABLE. This fixes that. Reported-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CACJufxE0KHR__-h=zHXbhSNZXMMs4LYo4-dbj8H3YoStYBok1Q@mail.gmail.com
2025-06-20Use SnapshotDirty when checking for conflicting index names.Tom Lane
While choosing an autogenerated name for an index, look for pre-existing relations using a SnapshotDirty snapshot, instead of the previous behavior that considered only committed-good pg_class rows. This allows us to detect and avoid conflicts against indexes that are still being built. It's still possible to fail due to a race condition, but the window is now just the amount of time that it takes DefineIndex to validate all its parameters, call smgrcreate(), and enter the index's pg_class row. Formerly the race window covered the entire time needed to create and fill an index, which could be very long if the table is large. Worse, if the conflicting index creation is part of a larger transaction, it wouldn't be visible till COMMIT. So this isn't a complete solution, but it should greatly ameliorate the problem, and the patch is simple enough to be back-patchable. It might at some point be useful to do the same for pg_constraint entries (cf. ChooseConstraintName, ConstraintNameExists, and related functions). However, in the absence of field complaints, I'll leave that alone for now. The relation-name test should be good enough for index-based constraints, while foreign-key constraints seem to be okay since they require exclusive locks to create. Bug: #18959 Reported-by: Maximilian Chrzan <maximilian.chrzan@here.com> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18959-f63b53b864bb1417@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 13
2025-06-11Revert a few small patches that were intended for version 19.Jeff Davis
- 4c787a24e7e220a60022e47c1776f22f72902899 - 78bd364ee39ca70a8f9cb8719282389866a08e14 - 7a6880fadc177873d5663961ec3a02d67e34dcbe - 8898082a5d3e94eef073f0e08124137e096e78ef Suggested-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoZ=J=PVNZUNKaxULu+KUVSt3Y-aJ1DZ9Y3Co6mu0z62jA@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/60e8c6d0a6c08e67f15dbbe9e53df0119c710065.camel@j-davis.com
2025-06-10copyfromparse.c: use pg_ascii_tolower() rather than tolower().Jeff Davis
Avoid dependence on setlocale(). No behavior change. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9875f7f9-50f1-4b5d-86fc-ee8b03e8c162@eisentraut.org Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2025-06-06Improve CREATE DATABASE error message for invalid libc locale.Jeff Davis
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/73959a14-267b-49c1-8293-291b175682cb@manitou-mail.org Reviewed-by: Daniel Verite <daniel@manitou-mail.org>
2025-06-05Avoid bogus scans of partitions when marking FKs enforcedÁlvaro Herrera
Similar to commit cc733ed164c5: when an unenforced foreign key that references a partitioned table is altered to be enforced, we scan the constrained table based on each partition on the referenced partitioned table. This is bogus and likely to cause the ALTER TABLE to fail: we must only scan the constrained table as pointing to the top-level partitioned table. Oversight in commit eec0040c4bcd. Fix by eliding those scans. Author: Amul Sul <sulamul@gmail.com> Reported-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxF1e_gPOLtsDoaE4VCgQPC8KZW_kPAjPR5Rvv4Ew=fb2A@mail.gmail.com
2025-06-05Avoid bogus scans of partitions when validating FKs to partitioned tablesÁlvaro Herrera
Validating an unvalidated foreign key that references a partitioned table would try to queue validations for each individual partition of the referenced table, but this is wrong: each individual partition would not necessarily have all the referenced rows, so errors would be raised. Avoid doing that. The pg_constraint rows that cause this to happen are only there to support the action triggers that implement the DELETE/ UPDATE actions of the FK, so no validating scan is necessary. This was an oversight in commit b663b9436e75. An equivalent oversight exists for NOT ENFORCED constraints, which is not fixed in this commit. Author: Amul Sul <sulamul@gmail.com> Reported-by: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at> Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/26983.1748418675@localhost